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Cover Soil

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Cover Soil

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    1. Cover Soil Its the single biggest (avoidable) cost of operating most landfills

    2. Why Use Cover Soil? It keeps litter in It keeps vectors and moisture out It provides a driving surface It keeps the landfill looking sanitary ITS THE LAW

    3. Completed Daily Cell is Covered The finished cell is covered with soil and/or other material

    4. Daily & Intermediate Cover Daily Its applied every day Its 6 thick It provides a temporary barrier Intermediate minimum of 12 inches more stable base for driving Semi-permanent barrier

    5. Completed Landfill is Covered The finished landfill is capped with soil and/or other material. This is called Final Cover.

    6. Final Cover Final Base Layer Low-Permeability Layer Top Layer Permeability equal to bottom liner

    7. Final Cover It Mirrors the Liner Final Cover will typically mirror the liner. Heres a look at soil and GCL being placed as part of Final Cover,

    8. Final Cover GCL is covered with a protective layer of soil

    9. Final Cover The protective layer of soil is graded and compacted

    10. Final Cover Final cover is completed by grading and re-seeding to prevent erosion

    11. Liners Are Expensive

    12. Want to Reduce Liner Costs by 25%?

    13. Whats the No. 1 Problem? Too Much Soil Using too much cover soil is the most common (and most costly) operational problem at most landfillsin my experience So what do we do about it? Measure it Track it Check it Stop using so much soil

    14. Daily & Intermediate Cover Its good It provides a barrier Its required Its bad It costs money to place It costs money to purchase It takes up lots of airspace

    15. Stripping Soil Same analysis as alternate daily cover May have regulatory impact

    16. Track-Walking Saves $$$ Track-walk prior to placing daily cover This can save 2 of cover. How much money is that worth?

    17. Cover Soil Placement Strip Soil Prior to Placing Next Cell Optimum Cell Geometry Properly Finish Cell Surface Before Covering Determining the Optimum Cover Ratio Placement Methods Tracking Cover Soil Volumes

    18. Covering with Scraper Wastes Soil The Scraper uses 1/3 to 2/3 more dirt than the dozer/ The Scraper Not quicker Not cheaper

    19. To Save Soil, Airspace and $, Use the Dozer to Spread Cover

    20. Do your own Test 1. Finish the cell properly 2. Cover with the D8 (1 week) a. Count loads b. Keep track of time 3. Cover with the D5 (1 week) a. Count loads b. Keep track of time See for yourself.If the D5 is not better let me know.

    21. Different Techniques for Various Soils Criteria: gradability and cohesion Silts, Loams and Weathered Shales typically most efficient Cohesive Soils and Clays grading is very difficult Dry Sand and Loess cohesiveness is poor

    22. Soil Conversion Factors Units of Measurement Loose cubic yard Bank cubic yard Compacted cubic yard Soil Swell Soil Shrink

    23. Measuring Cover Use Cubic yards Tons Most common is Cover Ratio

    24. What is a cover ratio? Its like a recipe. In this example, 3 parts waste to 1 part soil indicates a 3:1 cover ratio. A 3:1 cover ratio is an industry standardwhatever that means.

    25. Misunderstanding a 3:1 Ratio Here are some common mis-conceptions The typical Landfill operates with a 3:1 cover ratio covers with 6 of daily cover soil is somehow going to meet these standardsno matter what - Its Magic!!

    26. Dont get Hooked on a 3:1 Dont get hooked on a 3:1 cover ratio Large landfills could do a lot better especially if they use ADC For small landfills, 3:1 may be out of reach

    27. Optimum Cover Ratio Maximize use of cover soil. Must first determine minimum cover ratio. Based on cell geometry.

    28. ADC Criteria Why is it 6 inches of soil? Its a performance standard How could ADC help your landfill? Insects Aesthetics Fire Regulations Litter Cost Animals Vectors

    29. With ADC, It Gets a Lot Better

    30. What Does an Extra Truckload of Soil Cost? Lets figure it out.

    31. Solving the Cover Mystery Set a Benchmark Measure Cell... find average surface area Calculate how much soil is required @ 11 Select a realistic cover ratio as a budget Accurately track soil volume Record No. of truckloads Reconcile against $ paid to quarry Cross-Check Dig random holes and measure soil depth

    32. Check your own cover ratio Calculate the volume of soil used for cover. Convert volume to cy. Measure the cells surface area. Divide the volume by the surface area. The result is the effective depth of cover. Dig some test holes as a cross-check.

    33. Cover Soil Budget Determine the correct soil budget . Operators must know how much to use each day. Track amount used each day. Records should be compiled and checked. Adjust the operation or budget if need be.

    34. Minimizing Cover Soil Use Optimum Cell Geometry Build Cells Properly Finish Cells Properly Place Cover Soil With Dozer Use an Alternative Daily Cover Strip Available Soil Prior to Placing the Next Cell Prepare a Cover Soil Budget

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