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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. BY: Michelle May Stefanie Frayne. Job of the Nervous System. Maintaining internal environment To monitor and respond to the external environment Three Functions Receive sensory input from environment Integrate input Respond to stimuli. Neurons.

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System BY: Michelle May Stefanie Frayne

  2. Job of the Nervous System • Maintaining internal environment • To monitor and respond to the external environment • Three Functions • Receive sensory input from environment • Integrate input • Respond to stimuli

  3. Neurons • The basic unit of the nervous system • Also called a nerve cell • A typical neuron consists of: • The soma • Nerve fibers

  4. The Soma Also called cell body Contains the nucleus and cell fibers Nerve Fibers Two Kinds: Axons: carry information away from the cell body Dendrites: carry information toward the cell body * Neurons have 1 axon and several dendrites Parts of the neuron

  5. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Two Systems

  6. The Peripheral Nervous System • Contains only nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. • Two types of Neurons in the PNS: • Motor Neuron: • Carries input from the central nervous system(CNS) to muscles and glands • Typically have one axon that goes from the spinal cord to the muscle or gland • Sensory Neuron: • Carries input from the sense organs to the CNS • Typically have long dendrites that carry the information from organ to the CNS

  7. The Central Nervous System • Consists of the brain and the spinal cord • Surrounded by the skull and vertebrae of the spinal cord • Receives input from sense organs, interprets information, and creates responses

  8. The Brain • Composed of Three Major Parts • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Medulla Oblongata

  9. Cerebrum & Cerebellum • Cerebrum • Largest part of the Brain • Controls Intelligence and reasoning • Learning and Memory • Cerebellum • Second Largest part of the brain • Body movement • Fine motor coordination • Posture • Balance

  10. Medulla Oblongata • Closes to the Spinal Cord • Involved with • Regulates Heartbeat • Breathing • Blood Pressure • Reflex Centers • (Coughing, Sneezing etc.)

  11. Unconscious areas of the Brain • Hypothalamus • Regulates • homeostasis • thirst • hunger • Body Temperature • Water Balance • Links Nervous System to the Endocrine System

  12. Unconscious Areas of the Brain • Midbrain • Pons • Cerebellum • Thalamus • Serves as a central relay point for incoming nervous messages

  13. Conscious Areas of the Brain • Corpus Callosum • Separates cerebral hemispheres • Cerebrum • Intelligence and reasoning • Learning and memory

  14. Conscious and Unconscious areas of the Brain .

  15. The Brain Stem & Midbrain • Brain Stem • Smallest and oldest part of the brain • Continuous with the spinal cord • Composed of: • Hindbrain • Midbrain • Midbrain • Connections between the hindbrain and forebrain • Ex. Eye Reflexes

  16. Forebrain • Consists of : • Diencephalon • Thalamus and Hypothalamus • Cerebrum • Left and Right Hemispheres • Divided into four lobes • Occipital • Temporal • Parietal • Frontal

  17. Temporal & Occipital • Temporal • Receives Auditory Signals • Processes language and meaning of words • Occipital • Back of head • Receives and processes visual Information

  18. Parietal & Frontal • Parietal • Associated with Sensory Cortex • Processes Information about • Touch, taste, pressure, pain, heat and cold • Frontal • Three Functions • Motor Activity • Speech • Thought Process

  19. The Spinal Cord • Runs along the dorsal side of the body • Links the brain to the rest of the body • Gray matter consists of cell bodies and dendrites • White matter consists of bundles of interneuronal axons • Involved in reflexes that do not immediately involve the brain

  20. Disease of the Nervous System • Alzheimer’s Disease • Occurs in the brain • Physical illness • Form of Dementia • Affects a person’s memory, mood, and behavior • Affects neurons • Associated with protein plaques in the brain • Approximately 100,000 victims die and 360,000 new cases of this disease are diagnosed each year

  21. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s • Cognitive • Memory loss • Disorientation • Confusion • Differences with thought reasoning • Behavioral • Agitation/anxiety • Delusion/ Hallucinations • Depression • Insomnia

  22. Study Guide • Know the three functions of the nervous system • What is a neuron? • List the parts of a neuron • List the two kinds of nerve fibers & know what they do • Know the 2 main parts of the Nervous System (CNS & PNS)

  23. Study Guide (cont’d) • List the 2 types of neurons in the PNS • Know the function of the PNS neurons • Know the difference between the CNS and the PNS • List the 3 main parts of the brain & know the job of each • Know the unconscious and conscious parts of the brain

  24. Study Guide (cont’d) • Know the job of the brain stem, midbrain, and forebrain • Know the 4 lobes of the brain and describe function of each • Know the job of the spinal cord • Name a specific disease of the nervous system and list symptoms

  25. Works Cited • Information: • “Alzheimer’s Disease Information Basics: What is Alzheimer’s Disease?” 24 April 2005. http://www.alzheimersdisease.com 2005 • “Alzheimer’s Disease: What is Alzheimer’s Disease?” University of Maryland Medicine. 22 April 2005. http://www.umm.edu/nervous/alzheim.htm 2005\ • “The Nervous System.” 23 Apr 2005. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu • Tillery, B., Enger, L., Ross, L.C. Integrated Science: Second Edition. McGraw Hill: New York. 2004. Pgs. 547-549. • Pictures: • Google Images

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