4P1 Class MUN Delegation of United Kingdom

1. 4P1 Class MUN Delegation of United Kingdom Done By : Heng Yi Xiang (8) Ong Jia Hong (22)

2. United Kingdom • Economy was greatly affected by the 2008 recession • Entered it’s worst recession since World War 2 • Poverty line is defined as being 60% of the median household income • In 2007-2008, 22% ( 13.5 million ) of the population lived below this line • UK has a higher level of relative poverty than most countries. • UK’s armed forces • Has the third highest military expenditure in the world • Possess nuclear weapons • Charged with protecting United Kingdom and its overseas territories • Promoting UK’s global security issues and supporting peacekeeping efforts

3. Foreign Relations • Permanent member of United Nations Security Council • Has the power to veto any substantive resolution • Played an active role in carrying out resolutions • Provided 34 million worth of aid, food, money to Somalia in 2008-2009 • Member state of the European Union • EU forces have been deployed on peacekeeping missions over the globe • But does not have large military capabilities, seeing NATO as sufficient • Member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) • Member of G20, G8, G7, Council of Europe, WTO, etc . • Exercises huge power and influence around the globe

4. UK – Somalia Relations • In 1963, Somalia severed diplomatic ties with United Kingdom • This was due to a dispute over the Northern Frontier District (NFD) • Greatly affected ties between Somalia and United Kingdom • But nonetheless, UK sent 34 million worth of aid to Somalia to fight piracy • Marked by constant aid given by United Kingdom (Improving ties) • Aid package for Somalia’s transitional government • Revealed during the first official visit of Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed • Offered 5.5m to improve Somalia’s security

5. Situation analysis

6. Situation analysis - Piracy • Piracy have been rampant near the coast of Somalia since the second civil war in Somalia ( early 21st century ) • Increasing threat posed by piracy also caused significant concerns to many states (e.g. India ) as multiple shipping trade routes pass through the Gulf of Aden

7. Situation analysis - Piracy • Estimated per capita GDP of $600 per year, • 73% of the population lived on a daily income below $2. These factors and the lucrative success of many hijacking operations have drawn a number of young men toward piracy.

8. Situation analysis – Illegal fishing • Foreign trawlers began illegally fishing Somalia's seas, with an estimated $300 million of tuna, shrimp, and lobster being taken each year, depleting stocks previously available to local fishermen. • Severely constrained the ability of local fishermen to earn a living and forced many to turn to pirating instead • “They became pirates in order to protect their waters”

9. Situation analysis[Dumping of toxic waste] • The European Green Party reported that 10 million tones of toxic waste was exchanged for $80 million • Inhabitants around regions affected by nuclear waste experienced radiation poisoning • Poisoning marine line

10. Situation analysis[Dumping of toxic waste] • Toxic waste dumping off of the coast of Somalia has forced many local fishermen to resort to piracy.

11. Situation analysis – Weapon funding • Provision of Arms and Instability • UN reports Yemen and Mogadishu as a primary source of weapons for the pirates • Political upheaval leads to an increase in piracy • impedes shipping of oil through Suez Canal • No direct actions taken on Yemen to prevent trafficking of weaponry

12. Situation analysis - National coast guards • Absence of National Coast Guard • The Somali Government collapsed in 1991 as a result of the Somalia Civil War • Disbandment of National Coast Guard and Somali Armed Forces • Fishermen have to assume to role of the coast guard through piracy • Somali waters remain unprotected

13. Situation analysis – Lack of central govt. • Ineffective governing of the waters • Areas in Somalia are safe havens for pirates who are provided with weapons • Provides opportunities to criminals to carry out activities freely • Piracy seen as easy and lucrative opportunity

14. Situation analysis – political instability • In 1969 Somalia's second president, Abdi Rashid Ali Shirmarke, was assassinated

15. Situation analysis – political instability • Somalia experiences many economic problems • Native clans in Somalia are constantly fighting with their foes to take control of land and increase their wealth

16. Situation analysis – political instability • Business and the economy of Somalia is also severely affected by the political instability • With political instability in Somalia, unrests are prone to happen which will affect & deter business in the area. • Unemployment rates will rise as many companies will choose to relocate

17. Situation analysis – political instability • Political instability deters foreign investors and *MNCs from investing in Somalia • With insufficient funds, Somalia is unable to effectively combat piracy *MNC – Multi national corporations

18. Situation analysis – trivia • In recent years (2007 – 2009 ), many countries an international organisations have offered to help ease the piracy situation in Somalia • Russia, Singapore, UN, Maritime Peace Organisation, India, EU.

19. Proposed Solutions

20. Providing Aid to Somalia Government(Economic Aid) • UK in 2008-2009 has already sent 34 million worth of aid to Somalia to help them with their weak economy • Recently, UK also announced 5.8 million for a new programme to help promote peace and security in the region by supporting reconciliation and local peace building initiatives between clans and communities

21. Providing Aid to Somalia Government(Economic Aid) • We believed that the long term solution to combating piracy is to have a strong, stable internal government who can wipe out pirates’ bases on land and also eradicate them from the sea. • In order to do so, we must first provide economic aid to Somalia’s whose economy is unstable due to the random and huge amount of spending by wealthier pirates

22. Providing Aid to Somalia Government(Economic Aid) • But its’ population continued to suffer, and most lived below the poverty line. This led people to turn to piracy, in order to make a living. Therefore, once again by providing economic aid, people will then not turn to piracy, reducing the cases of piracy.

23. Providing Aid to Somalia Government(Military Aid) • Providing Training centers for Somali’s navy forces • Allow the Somali’s navy forces to be better equip. Right now, they hardly have any ships or weapons that can be used to deter the pirates. • Allow them to gain experience and be a better fighting force against pirates. Right now, they are just taking theory lessons in classrooms which are not adequate.

24. Providing Aid to Somalia Government(Military Aid) • Training Somali’s navy forces will be a much wiser thing to do instead of deploying warships to patrol the area. • Cases of piracy did not go down and there were cases of military boats being attacked by pirates. Humiliation for the country. • Warships from foreign countries cannot patrol the area forever, but instead this job should be left to the Somali navy forces, so training them will be the right thing to do.

25. Providing Aid to Somalia Government(Education) • Right now, Somali is still considered a third world nation due to its low GDP. In order to remove piracy completely like in developed nations, there must be education to educate its people. • Will serve to create a strong economy in the future • Train young people with talents to be future leaders of Somali, leading it to greater heights, and achieving political stability. • Once political and economic stability is achieved, less people will turn to piracy and government can start cracking down on piracy. • Navy forces can also be trained to counter piracy.

26. Providing Aid to Somalia Government(Military support & Convoys) • Restoration of the National Coast Guard • National Coast Guard will be trained during patrol and combat operations in efforts to curb piracy • Arming non-military ships against piracy • Each ship receive a small detachment of Marines for the journey through the area • Mount ships with remote-controlled weapons (high tech) • Multinational naval forces should lead convoys through the pirate waters and provide protection to the ships

27. Providing Aid to Somalia Government(Education) • If we strengthen our naval efforts to stop the piracy, we may weaken the pirates’ economic and military position relative to Somalia’s, tipping the balance in Somalia’s favor

28. Providing Aid to Somalia Government(Utilising raw materials) • Large amounts of natural gas, iron ore, copper, salt, tin, gypsum, bauxite, oil • Developing Somalia's economy • Attract investors to Somalia • Increases employment rate in Somalia • Deter piracy

29. Bibliography • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy_in_Somalia • http://countrystudies.us/somalia/79.htm • http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2863.htm • http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/20/piracy-somalia-yemen-oil-instability • http://towardfreedom.com/home/content/view/1567/1/ • http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/africa/ • http://countrystudies.us/somalia/ • http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/20/piracy-somalia-yemen-oil-instability • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organisation#NATO_Council • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom#Foreign_relations_and_armed_forces • http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/international_politics/uk+pledges+somalia+aid+amid+terror+threat/3573957 • http://positiveimpactinstitute.com/kingcenter/the-somalia-solution/ • http://yachtpals.com/somalia-pirates-4145

30. Bibliography • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom#Economy • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia • http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/sub-saharan-africa/somalia?profile=intRelations&pg=4 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia • http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/international_politics/uk+pledges+somalia+aid+amid+terror+threat/3573957 • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1072592.stm • http://insidesomalia.org/200907281695/News/Editorial/Lord-Malloch-Brown-warns-UK-on-Somalia.html • http://insidesomalia.org/201005273069/News/Human-Rights/British-hostages-held-in-Somalia-appeal-to-new-UK-government.html • http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2863.htm