Opportunities and Challenges of Partnerships in International Programs

1. Opportunities and Challenges of Partnerships in International Programs The Hopkins Experience G. Eugene Martin Director, Washington Office Hopkins-Nanjing Center

2. Types of International Academic Collaborations • Graduate, undergraduate, credit, non-credit, language training, visiting scholar, distance education. • Hopkins has programs in medicine, public health, business, arts & science, music, education, engineering and nursing on nearly every continent. • Most are exchanges between, or short term courses by faculty or for students. • While many offer credit, only one, the Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese and American Studies, offers a dual degree with a foreign university.

3. Johns Hopkins and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Rockefeller Foundation Delegation at PUMC Dedication 1921 • In 1917, faculty from Johns Hopkins Hospital faculty helped found PUMC with Rockefeller Foundation support. • The PUMC School of Nursing followed in 1920 with a baccalaureate program, until 1952 when the Chinese government favored a technical/vocational program rather than an academic degree. • Hopkins-PUMC nursing collaboration resumed in 1985 with the reinstatement of a baccalaureate program. • In July 2008, the PUMC became the first Chinese University to grant nurses a PhD as part of a doctoral partnership with The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing.

4. The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies consists of three campuses - in Washington, DC, Bologna, Italy and Nanjing, China • Bologna is an integral component of SAIS and graduates earn either a SAIS Masters in International Studies (MAIS) degree or a one-year Diploma in International Studies • Through SAIS, Bologna students can obtain joint Masters degrees in business administration from Wheaton and Tuck; Public Administration from Syracuse; Health Science from Johns Hopkins’ Bloomberg School of Public Health as well as Juris Doctorate degrees from Stanford and Virginia. • Bologna also has agreements to offer combined degrees with Bocconi University and Diplomatische Akademie Wien.

5. The Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese and American Studies The first U.S. academic joint venture in China since 1949 when opened in 1986. First 20 years, granted a Certificate to over 1500 Chinese and international graduate students. In 1986, initiated a two year Master of Arts of International Studies (MAIS) degree. Jointly awarded by Johns Hopkins and Nanjing University.

7. Challenges of Joint Degrees • Need to compromise with partner’s academic and cultural traditions. • JHU School of Nursing had to overcome China’s view that nurses did not need graduate degrees. • Nanjing University insisted on a MA thesis although SAIS does not. • In China, as with many foreign countries, continued success depends on political acceptance. • Need to adapt to changing relationships.

8. Factors to Consider • Financial: Who provides and controls funds? • Curriculum: U.S. standard, foreign practice, or combination? • Independence: Limits on academic freedoms, taboo subjects, political interference, libraries. • Visas: For students and faculty, renewals, limitations. • Administration: U.S. or host institution? Dispute resolution. • Continuity: After founding generation, changing political and economic situation.

9. Hopkins-Nanjing Center • Remarkable success • Entering 23rd year. • Cooperative joint 50:50 venture. • Open stack library & unrestricted • internet access. • Bilateral stake in continuity results in cooperation between Johns Hopkins and Nanjing University. • Hopkins’ reputation as educational pioneer in China and Nanjing University’s elevation to top tier. • Joint investment in facilities and programs.

10. Why is the Hopkins-Nanjing Center Successful? • Chinese and international students room together and • take classes in target language so students graduate with bi-lingual and bi-cultural capabilities. • Four graduate concentrations (economics, politics, law, area studies) provide in-depth comprehension of Chinese and international societies. • Graduates welcomed by business employers who build on HNC’s education rather than having to re-train into corporate culture. • As China globalizes, needs generation that can function in either culture - Chinese or international.

11. Need Flexibility to Change Conditions and Priorities • Degree course vs. certificate • - Added MA degree in 2006 to one-year certificate. • Changed economic conditions in China & U.S. • - Increased operating costs (building, services, international faculty). • Pressures to include specific courses • - Business, law, environment. • Five-year agreements can be renegotiated to cover changes.

12. Lessons Learned • The U.S. is still seen as world’s education leader. • International cooperation and collaboration welcomed. • Need to incorporate foreign priorities and practices. • Joint ventures are challenging administratively but worthwhile. • Dual degree programs still the exception but give students unique access to careers in both countries. • U.S. universities need to maintain focus on and funding for • international programs to remain globally relevant.