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Unit 1. Great scientists. Warming up. What do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most?. Are you ready? Let’s go!. 1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?. It’s…. Archimedes.
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Unit 1 Great scientists
What do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most? Are you ready? Let’s go!
1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water arelifted upby a force that helps them float?
It’s… Archimedes Give me a place to stand and I will move the world !
2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
3. Who invented the first steam engine? James Watt
4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?
5. Who discovered radium? radium Marie Curie
Thomas Edison 6. He invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities.
7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?
Sir Humphry Davy 8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?
Zhang Heng 9. He invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened.
Stages in examining a newscientific idea: 1.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论) 2.Think of a method:(找出研究方法) 3.Collect results:(收集材料) 4.Make a question:(形成研究主题) 5.Find a problem:(发现问题) 6.Analyse results:(分析材料) 7. Find supporting evidence(找到能确证的证据)
find a problem make a question think of a method collect results analyse the results Findsupporting evidence draw a conclusion According to the passage. please put the 7 stages in right order
Reading John Snow defeats “King Cholera”
Paragraph 1 What is the problem? The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.
Para 1 John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera .
Para 1 John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera .
Para 1 This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
Para 1 John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
Paragraph 2 make a question: Which theory to believe in? Choleramultipliedin the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found itsvictims. idea 1 idea 2 People absorbed it with their meals.
Para 2 He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.
Para 2 The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodiewith their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
Paragraphs 3+4 What method did he use? Broad Street Public house Many deaths happened here. A map of Broad Street No death happened here. The water from the pump was to blame.
Para 3 • John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly throughpoor neighborhoods, he began to gather information.
Para 3 • In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more • than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Para 4 • First he marked on a map the exact • places where all the dead people had • lived. This gave him a valuable clue • about the cause of the disease. Many • of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).
Para 4 He also noticed that some houses ( • such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no • deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He • discovered that these people worked • in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.
Para 4 They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.
Paragraph 5 analyze the results: What happened to the pump water? The water was from the river which had beenpollutedby the dirty water from London.
Para 5 Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river pollute by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.
Para 5 Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
Paragraphs 6+7 find supporting evidence : What extra evidence did he find? A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died. two other deaths draw a conclusion with certainty The polluted water carried the disease.
Para 6 In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other death that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
Para 6 Both she and her daughter died of choler after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announcewith certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
Para 7 To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.
find a problem Para 1 make a question Para 2 Para 3 think of a method Para 4 collect results analyse the results Para 5 find supporting evidence Para 6 Para 7 draw a conclusion
Discussion Drink boiled water Wash hands often What should we pay attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with all these infectious diseases? Keep away from flies choose fresh sea food Keep the kitchen clean Cook raw food thoroughly Dispose rubbish properly. Heal the food left overnight
Homework: 1:复习unit1课文知识点及重要词汇的基本用法，尤其注意过去分词以及suggest用法。 2.优化P4选择题及P11语法填空 3. 预习P7课文—哥白尼的革命性理论
Thank you
