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Chapter 7 Lecture  Theories About How People Construct Meaning

Chapter 7 Lecture  Theories About How People Construct Meaning. Rules Theory. Rules theory and constructivism extend the premises of symbolic interactionism by providing more detailed accounts of how individuals construct meanings. Rules Theory is the Coordinated Management of Meaning.

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Chapter 7 Lecture  Theories About How People Construct Meaning

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  1. Chapter 7 Lecture  Theories About How People Construct Meaning Chapter 7

  2. Rules Theory • Rules theory and constructivism extend the premises of symbolic interactionism by providing more detailed accounts of how individuals construct meanings. • Rules Theory is the Coordinated Management of Meaning Chapter 7

  3. Rules theory is concerned with how humans construct meaning for their communication. • Coordinated management of meaning (COMM.):  We use communication rules to coordinate meanings in interaction with others. Chapter 7

  4. CMM is an interpretive theory that assumes human communication is rule guided and rule following. Chapter 7

  5. Hierarchy of Meanings • Pearce and Cronen believe that we rely on a hierarchy of meanings to interpret experiences.  • The hierarchy consists of multiple levels of meaning, and each level is contextualized by higher levels in the hierarchy. Chapter 7

  6. Content (Lowest level.) • Speech Act (Communication is action.) • Episode (A recurring routine of interaction that is structured by rules and that has boundaries.) • Relationships (The somewhat scripted ways we interact with particular others.) • Autobiographies (An individual's view of himself or herself that both shapes and is shaped by communication.) • Cultural Patterns (An understanding of speech acts, episodes, relationships, and autobiographies that is shared by particular social groups or societies.) Chapter 7

  7. Discuss an interpersonal communication story and apply the questions. • 1.  What did you regard as the content? • 2.  How did you define the speech act? • 3.  What did you consider the episode? • 4.  How did you perceive the relationship? • 5.  How do you describe your autobiography? • 6.  What cultural patterns can you identify that influenced this specific communication? Chapter 7

  8. Rules • Rules allow us to make sense of social interaction and guide our own communication so that we coordinate meanings with others. Chapter 7

  9. Write a list of interpersonal rules. Chapter 7

  10. WRITE TWO RULES FOR EACH ROLE: • ROLES:  (a) Professors, (b) high school teachers, (c) college students. • 1.  Constitutive rules define what counts as what for example, what counts as support, meanness, joking, praise). • 2.  Regulative rules guide interaction. In CMM theory, a rule that tells us when it's appropriate to do a certain thing and what we should do next in an interaction. Chapter 7

  11. Constructivism (Kelly) • Constructivism (Kelly) focuses on cognitive processes that we use to create meaning. Chapter 7

  12. Let’s construct • Think of an idea. • What do you already know. • Input. • How do you put it into your life? Chapter 7

  13. Cognitive schema--knowledge structure. • Prototypes are the broadest cognitive structures, ideal, or optimal examples of categories of people, situations, objects. Chapter 7

  14. Personal constructs--the second-broadest knowledge structures are building blocks.  Examples would be intelligent-unintelligent, uninteresting-interesting. Chapter 7

  15. Stereotypes are predictive generalizations about how a person will behave. Chapter 7

  16. Scripts • Scripts are guides to action, much like the episodes that we read about in CMM. • This of a situation where you operate from a script. Chapter 7

  17. What do you think? • What prototypes do you apply in interpreting the activity and other people? Chapter 7

  18. What do you think? • What personal constructs are salient in your thinking about the other people? Chapter 7

  19. What do you think? • What stereotypes do you make about how specific others will act?  What is the basis of your predictive generalizations? Chapter 7

  20. What do you think? • What script do you follow in this activity?  • Has your script ever not worked?  • What happened? Chapter 7

  21. Cognitive Complexity • Personal constructs are the centerpiece of constructivist theory building. • Constructivists believe that people vary in the complexity, or sophistication, of their interpretive processes. Chapter 7

  22. Differentiation is measured by the number of distinct interpretations an individual uses to perceive and describe others. • Abstraction is the extent to which a person interprets others in terms of internal motives, personality traits, and character. Chapter 7

  23. Organization is the degree to which a person notices and is able to make sense of contradictory behaviors. • Person-centered --cognitively complex people are more capable of engaging in sensitive communication that is tailored to particular others. • The research inspired by constructivist theory is impressive and growing Chapter 7

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