Instructor: Vincent Duffy, Ph.D. Associate Professor Exam 1 Review Fri. Feb. 9, 2007

1. IE 486 Work Analysis & Design II Instructor: Vincent Duffy, Ph.D. Associate Professor Exam 1 Review Fri. Feb. 9, 2007

2. Review for exam 1 • Closed book, closed notes exam will cover: 7 lectures and 2 labs • Chapters 1, 4-9, 19, 15 (bonus) in Wickens text • Includes supplementary readings: papers 8, 12 In total: exam will cover • Lecture 7 Displays & Controls (ch. 8 & 9) • Lecture 5 Cognition (ch.6) • Lecture 6 & Lab 2 Decision making (ch.7) & Tutorial in lab • Lecture 4 Other sensory systems (auditory, tactile & vestibular ch.5) • Lecture 3 Visual sensory system (ch.4) • Lecture 2 Macroergonomics (ch.19) • Lecture 1 Introduction/overview including Ergonomics & human factors engineering (ch.1) • 2 supplementary readings: paper 8 & 12 (reviewed today) • Bonus: Lecture 8 Human-computer Interaction (ch.15)

3. Format • A mix of short answer and fill in; possibly some quantitative; expect 4-6 sides of a page; depending on size of figures; • For multiple choice: circle the best answer. • For all questions, be sure to read the question carefully. • If you are not clear on the meaning or how to interpret the question, please write your assumption.

4. Sample exam questions – midterm exam covers lectures 1-7 and Labs 1, 2 • these shown today are examples; others – directly from original QOTD are not shown here

5. Lecture 7: Displays • L7. Draw a figure that illustrates the concept of ‘pictorial realism’ in displays.

6. Lecture 7: Displays • L7. Draw a figure that illustrates the concept of ‘pictorial realism’ in displays.

7. Lecture 7: Displays L7. The figure below illustrates human factors engineering design concepts by a. Predicting human performance in advance b. Considering the users’ mental model of the work environment in the display design c. Understanding the limitations of a task analysis. d. All of the above. e. None of the above.

8. Sample exam questions –Lecture 7 – Displays & Controls Q.L7. Identify the form of the equation that would enable you to correctly calculate the total estimated movement time based on the table shown below and given the following…(with multiple choice alternatives)

9. Lecture 7 – Displays & Controls • Q. Four principles of design display were introduced. Which of the following choices does a traffic light represent? Is it… • a. absolute judgment • b. similarity and confusion • c. top down processing • d. redundancy gain • e. all of the above

10. Lecture 6 – Decision Making • ‘Satisficing’ is a term to describe that a decision maker generates alternatives until an ‘acceptable’ solution is found. It illustrates which of the following… • Limitations in cognitive capacity • The visual sensory system • Macroergonomics • All of the above • None of the above

11. Sample exam question – Lecture 5- Cognition & Information Processing Lecture on Cognition Q The model shown below is an example of • Working memory model • Information processing model • Perceptual encoding model • All of the above • None of the above

12. Sample exam question - Lecture 5-Cognition & Information Processing Lecture on Cognition Q. Part a of the model represents • Working memory • Information processing • Perceptual encoding • All of the above • None of the above b a c

13. Sample exam question- Lecture 5- Cognition & Information Processing Lecture on Cognition Q. Part a of the model represents • Working memory • Information processing • Perceptual encoding • All of the above • None of the above

14. Lecture 5 – Cognition & Information Processing • Q. Recalling an accident at work relies on • a. semantic memory • b. episodic memory • c. prospective memory • d. all of the above • e. none of the above • Q. Working memory is limited in two ways. They are…?

15. Lecture 4 – Other sensory systems • Q. “Ok, standby for takeoff and I will call” was misinterpreted as “Okay…takeoff”. This is an example of what concept?

16. Sample exam question-Lecture 3- Perception: Visual Lecture on Visual senses & cognition H.Q.6. At a traffic circle in the U.K., lines of diminishing separation were used to reduce traffic accidents. This is an example of engineering design that capitalized on an understanding of • Top down vs. bottom up processing • Understanding of utilization of light stimulus • Depth perception • All of the above • None of the above

17. Sample exam question-Lecture 2- Macroergonomics Lecture on Course overview & Introduction Q.L2. How is macroergonomics different from ergonomics?

18. Sample exam question-Lecture 2- Macroergonomics Lecture on Course overview & Introduction Q.L2. How is macroergonomics different from ergonomics? Ergonomics – science of work /study of work work traditionally had been mostly physical as the nature of work changed, cognitive considerations were included macroergonomics- social and organizational (teams, groups, ch. 19).

19. Sample exam question-Lecture 2- Macroergonomics Lecture on Course overview & Introduction • Q.L2. Consider the figure 2 below. Write the letter of the box corresponding to examples that represent low coupling and high complexity.________ • A. Nuclear power plants, airplane • C. government & universities • B. Marine Transport, rail transport • D. traditional manufacturing

20. Lecture 2 - Macroergonomics • Q. Which of the following are barriers to organizational change? • a. working memory • b. human-computer interaction • c. training can be costly • d. all of the above • e. none of the above

21. Introduction - Lecture 1 Q. Ergonomics and human factors are the same. T/F. Briefly explain the similarities and differences between ergonomics and human factors for work design. Q. After a human factors analysis, possible areas of improvement include…

22. Lab 1 Lifelong learning L. How would you evaluate the work described in the paper titled …. L. What information can be gained from reading the abstract of that paper (shown) in relation to the “List of 10 ways…”. Justify your answer through brief ‘quotes’ from the abstract. L. What is not shown in the abstract?

23. Lab 1 -Other possible questions on supplementary readings • Consider the paper by ….on driving simulator (title and authors given). Weaknesses were highlighted in the presentation related to… * • Briefly explain the method that was used, and what are the implications of this weakness?* • Why is the paper included in the literature considering its weakness (what is its strength/or contribution?)* • *These questions may be beyond the level of our discussion in class – hence, they may not be appropriate for the exam 1. However, those questions that were asked and discussed in lab today may still be considered within the scope of exam 1 content.

24. Sample bonus question related to Lecture 8 Human-Computer Interaction • L8a. What is the purpose of a GOMS model? • A. It is used to explain the users mental model • B. It is used to predict performance. • C. It is used for improved training and selection for HCI related tasks. • D. All of the above. • E. None of the above • L8. Give an example of a ‘selection rule’ in a GOMS model.