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CSA4080: Adaptive Hypertext Systems II

CSA4080: Adaptive Hypertext Systems II. Topic 7: Adaptation Techniques. Dr. Christopher Staff Department of Computer Science & AI University of Malta. Aims and Objectives. Review of stages in the adaptation process and adaptation techniques from CSA3080

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CSA4080: Adaptive Hypertext Systems II

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  1. CSA4080:Adaptive Hypertext Systems II Topic 7: Adaptation Techniques Dr. Christopher Staff Department of Computer Science & AI University of Malta 1 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  2. Aims and Objectives • Review of stages in the adaptation process and adaptation techniques from CSA3080 • Adaptive navigation in Letizia, WebWatcher, and HyperContext 2 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  3. Stages in the Adaptation Process • Collect data about the user • Process data to build/update user model • Apply user model to provide the adaptation • Last stage always fully automated in adaptive hypertext systems • 1st and 2nd stages may require user intervention. Ideally, fully automated 3 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  4. Stages in the adaptation process • If user and system need to co-operate to achieve adaptivity, then it is called collaborative user modelling From [Brusilovsky96] 4 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  5. Problems Revisited • Lost in HyperSpace • Cognitive overload • Complexity of the search space • Search-browsing • Static hypertext structure 5 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  6. Generic solutions • Adaptive Presentation • Adaptive Navigation 6 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  7. What can be adapted? • A hypertext is a collection of nodes that are connected by links • So what can be adapted? • The node content and user interface - adaptive presentation • The node organisation and hyperspace representations (e.g., index, map, overview) - adaptive navigation 7 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  8. Adaptation Technologies 8 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  9. Adaptive Navigation • Adaptive Navigation-local reconnaissance is highly related to link annotation • E.g., Letizia, WebWatcher, Personal WebWatcher, HyperContext • Already talked about Personal WebWatcher in Topic 4 (User Modelling) and CSA3080 9 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  10. Adaptive Navigation • Differences in ITS and generic approaches to adaptive navigation • ITS aim is to transfer knowledge efficiently by guiding through a learning space • Learned, ready to be learned, not ready to be learned • Generic aim is to guide user through document space to relevant information (that is ideally also at the level of simplicity required by user!) • Relevant, not relevant (what about “related to interest X?”) 10 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  11. Adaptive Navigation • Letizia • Predicts a user’s interest as the user browses and suggests links to relevant document in the vicinity of the user’s current location • User tends to traverse Web graph “downwards”, but relevant information may lie sideways • Observes user behaviour to determine user interests (eg, “skipping” links, bookmarking...) • Makes recommendations based on “persistence of interest” lieberman95letizia.pdf 11 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  12. Adaptive Navigation • WebWatcher • Guides users through a web site based on interaction with past users • Users express a query and are guided to relevant documents • Associates what users are interested in with documents that they mark as relevant • Marks up links with terms used by users, and terms that occur in “downstream” documents webwatcher.ijcai97.pdf 12 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  13. Adaptive Navigation • HyperContext • Uses Information Retrieval-in-Context to guide users to information in hyperspace (up to 7 link traversals away) • Once user has navigated to a location which probably contains information, can submit query to search “context sphere” • With Adaptive Information Discovery, system generates query on behalf of user HCTCh5.pdf 13 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  14. Adaptive Presentation • Already described MetaDoc’s Stretchtext functionality in CSA3080 • Approaches are generally intended to make the content more understandable to the user • automatically including glossary explanations of terms unknown to the user • removing extraneous information, or information known to the user • showing information in format preferred by user... 14 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

  15. Summary • Reminded ourselves of the problems that AHSs try to fix • The adaptation process • Adaptation technologies • Examples of systems that incorporate adaptive navigation techniques 15 of 15 cstaff@cs.um.edu.mt

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