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History of Political Science Aula 9 Ciencia Politica AE

History of Political Science Aula 9 Ciencia Politica AE. King, Keohane and Verba ( 1994 : 7) "Scientific research is designed to make . . . inferences on the basis of empirical information about the world.“ Pergunta: Ciência política é uma ciência?. Varieties of Political Science.

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History of Political Science Aula 9 Ciencia Politica AE

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  1. History of Political ScienceAula 9Ciencia Politica AE King, Keohane and Verba (1994: 7) "Scientific research is designed to make . . . inferences on the basis of empirical information about the world.“ Pergunta: Ciência política é uma ciência?

  2. Varieties of Political Science • Clifford Geertz's (1973) "thick description" style of political science and • Womack's (1968) study of the Mexican peasant leader Zapata, at the simple display-of-evidence extreme; • Downs (1957) Riker (1962), and Olson (1965) at the inferential-deductive extreme. • Hirschman (1970) : biography of the peasant leader  explanatory and policy implications; Commonality = Falsifiable through contrary evidence or logical flaws.

  3. Greek Foundations • Greece of Herodotus (c. 484-425 bce ) = world in which analysis of political ideas and ideals, and speculation about the properties of different kinds of polities and the nature of statesmanship and citizenship, become part of conventional wisdom. • Independent Greek city states, • common historical and mythological memories, • inter-city trade and diplomacy, alliances and warfare = information and speculation about varieties of governmental and political arrangements, economic, defense and foreign policies

  4. Plato vs Aristotle(Ideal vs Empirical) Plato (428-348 bce ) Republic, Statesman and Laws = 1st classic of political science Propositions about justice, political virtue, the varieties of polity and change Aristotle (and Polybius), anticipate contemporary speculation about democratic transition and consolidation

  5. Republic of Plato • Republic = ideal regime where knowledge and truth make rule of virtue (+ four other regimes): • Timocracy (honor & military glory >) • Oligarchy (wealth vs honor) • Democracy (corruption of oligarchy) • Tyranny (corruption of democracy)

  6. Aristotle´s Politics Inductive, Descriptive, Historical (vs idealist & deductive Plato) Book I: Village  State, slavery, family, authority, morality Bool II: vs extreme unity of Plato, property, common meals, women Book III: Citizen, economy-polity, justice, 5 types of kingship, law, philosopher-king Book IV: IV: Tasks of political theory, types of constitutions, oligarchy, democracy, aristocracy, tyranny, executive, judiciary, deliberative powers Book V: Const. change, equality, justice, overthrow of govt., factions Book VI: How constitutions function, democracy, preservation of oligarchy, officialdom VII: Virtue and property, active vs philosophical life, state, geography, education, culture… VII: Education, culture, sport, citizenship

  7. Polybius Roman state builders & virtues of THE MIXED CONSTITUTION Combination of monarchic, aristocratic and democratic principles In: Consulate, Senate, and Assembly (new institutionalism?)

  8. 2 Permanent Q’s "What are the institutional forms of polity?“ • Typologies, 1, few, many… "What are the standards we use to evaluate them?" LEGITIMACY JUSTICE  “Natural Law”

  9. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Mixed constitution = justice and stability via conformity to divine and natural law. • Israel of Moses (balance = elders and tribal leaders • Roman Republic (balance = mix of Assembly, Senate and Consulate) ** COMBINE FORMS OF GOVERNMENT VS HUMAN WEAKNESS AND CORRUPTION **

  10. Italian Renaissance Venice: Empire & Freedom via: Monarchic Doge Aristocratic Senate Democratic Great Council Machiavelli: Prince/Discourses “If must commit evil to secure greater good, then do it quickly and all at once…”

  11. Maquiavel... e a Série Ciências Sociais na Adminstração FSJ-EAESPCurso de Análise PolíticaCDAPG...http://eaesp.fgvsp.br/pt/ensinoeconhecimento/departamentos/FSJ

  12. Índice Préfacio, Kurt Mettenheim Introdução, Antonio Valverde I Política Exterior Florentina 1 Discurso Proferido ao Magistrado dos Dez Sobre a Situação de Pisa 2 Providências para a Reconquista de Pisa 3 Notícias das Medidas Adotadas pela República Florentina para Pacificar as Facções de Pistóia 4 Sobre a Situação de Pistóia 5 Descrição do Modo Adotado pelo Duque Valentino para Matar VitellozzoVitegli, OliverottoPagolo e o Duque de GravinaOrsini 6 Palavras que Devem ser Ditas sobre a Provisão do Dinheiro com um Pouco de Proêmio e de Desculpas • Do Modo de Tratar os Povos Rebelados do Valdichiana II Armas 8 Discurso sobre a Ordenação do Estado de Florença para as Armas 9 Provisões da República de Florença para Instituir o Magistrado dos Nove Oficiais da Ordenança e Milícia Florentina 10 Parecer para a Eleição do Capitão das Infantarias da Ordenança Florentina 11 Escrito sobre o Modo de Reconstruir a Ordenança III França e Alemanha • Sobre a Natureza dos Gauleses 13 Nota para Alguém que será Embaixador em França 14 Retrato das Coisas de França 15 Discurso sobre as Coisas da Alemanha e sobre o Imperador 16 Discurso sobre as Coisas da Alemanha e sobre o Imperador 17 Retrato das Coisas da Alemanha

  13. ... • IV Florença Pós-República • 18 Alocação Feita a um Magistrado • 19 Aos Palleschi: Atentem bem para este Escrito • 20 Sumário do Governo da Cidade de Lucca • 21 Discursus Florentinarum Rerum Post Mortemiunioris Laruentii Médicis • 22 Memorial a Raffaello Girolami, Quando no dia 23 de Outubro Partiu • para Espanha [como Embaixador junto do] Imperador • V A Defesa de Florença • 23 Relação de uma Visita Feita para Fortificar Florença • 24 Provisão para a Instituição do Cargo dos Cinco Provedores dos • Muros da Cidade de Florença

  14. Contract Theory & Liberalism Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) State of Nature  Leviathan (english civil war, state) John Locke Submit to Govt  Welfare & Liberty J.J. Russeau Origin of Inequality  Freedom

  15. Forms of Government in History • Montesquieu 18th/19th Century • Hegel • Weber 19th/20th Century • Durkheim Community  Society : GOVT?

  16. Question of Democracy • John Stuart Mill • Liberal Development: Education/Participation/Women • Tocqueville • Civil Society: Mass vs Individual Liberty • Ostrogorski • Party Organizations: • Wilson • Reform Government: vs party machines/immigrants • Michels • Social Democracy? = Mass Politics

  17. 20th Century: Chicago School • Vs Liberal-Reformism (Wilson) • 1910s/1920s US = vs machines/parties • Mirriam & Gosnell: Voter Survey in Chicago • Laswell = Psychology/Mass Communication Propaganda Technique in the World War (1927) Psychopathology and Politics (1930) World Politics and Personal Insecurity (1935) Politics: Who Gets What, When, and How (1936) World Revolutionary Propaganda (1939)

  18. Behavioral & ComparativeRevolution 1945- • US Foreign Policy 1945+ • International Relations • Realism vs Liberalism • Comparative Politics • Area Studies (Title 6 DOD): • Cuban Revolution  Centers for Latin American Studies • Vietnam  Centers for Asian Studies • USSR (1968 revolts)  Centers for E European Studies • African Independence  Centers for African Studies

  19. 1954-1972 = SSRC Committee on Comparative Politics • Gabriel Almond; “Politics of Developing Areas.” • Stein Rokkan; Comparative Party Systems • Hans Daalder; “Political Development” • Samuel Finer; Military Coups/History of Govt • Richard Rose; Parliamentary vs Presidential • Giovanni Sartori; Party Systems • Charles Tilly; Western European States/Civil Society

  20. Comparative Theory • Political Development • Karl Deutsch “Political Gap” • Economic Development  Social Mobilization  POLITICAL GAP  Political Institutions POLITICS = INCLUSION OF SOCIAL CLASSES INTO POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

  21. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule • O’Donnell/Schmitter/Whitehead (1986) • Spain/Portugal/Greece 1970s • Latin America 1980s • USSR 1990s BRAZIL = PARADIGMA DE NOVA DEMOCRACIA…

  22. Political Science? • Max Weber • “Politics as a Vocation.” • Professionalization/parties & elections • Norms/ideals vs empirical analysis • “Science as a Vocation.” • Professionalization of academia • Objectivity: Suspend judgment to Study

  23. Pluralism • As US tradition • Liberalism  Pluralism: Competing Interest Groups = mass politics/democracy • Charles Lindblom, • “The Science of Muddling Through” • “Politics and Markets” • Robert Dahl • “Polyarchy” (2 regimes: Democracy / Totalitarian) • “We won” when USSR fell…

  24. Pluralist Political Science • Marxism, New Left Review, Florestan Fernandes • Feminism, • Post-Modernism, Foucault, power… • Rational Choice • Mancur Olsen “Logic of Collective Action” • Statistical Modeling

  25. Basic Definitions Politics = Behavior directed toward state 1) Capacity of A  B 2) Capacity of A reconcile AZ State = Permanent organization with monopoly of legitimate use of force within given territory. (Max Weber) VS “committee of bourgeoise domination...” (Marx) Ex: minimal definition vs descriptive definition

  26. Explore Political Science • American Political Science Association www.apsanet.org • International Political Science Association www.ipsa.org • Associacao Brasileira de Ciencia Politica www.abcp.org.br • www.gv.br material : Goodin & Klingemann, New Handbook of Political Science....

  27. IPSA / APSA Portals International Political Science Association www.ipsaportal.net Political Science Research Online www.politicalscience.org

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