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Aqueous Solutions

Aqueous Solutions. Solution. Homogeneous mixture Solute – substance be dissolved Solvent - substance solute is dissolved in. Water As Solvent. Water is polar molecule O atom has a greater attraction for electrons than H O has partial negative charge ( δ - )

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Aqueous Solutions

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  1. Aqueous Solutions

  2. Solution • Homogeneous mixture • Solute – substance be dissolved • Solvent- substance solute is dissolved in

  3. Water As Solvent • Water is polar molecule • O atom has a greater attraction for electrons than H • O has partial negative charge (δ-) • H has partial positive charge (δ+)

  4. Hydration • Positive ends of water molecules are attracted to negative ions in ionic solid • Negative ends of water molecule attracted to positive ions • Each ion is then surrounded by water molecules • C:\Program Files\General Chemistry 4.0\General Chemistry 4.0.exe

  5. Dissociation • When ionic substances dissolve in water, they break up into their ions NH4NO3 (s)  NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq)

  6. Solubility • How well substance dissolve • Some substances are more soluble than others • Very polar non-ionic substances may dissolve in water as well as ionic ones • “like dissolves like” • E:\TV11V44.MOV • E:\TV11V09.MOV

  7. Electrolytes • Solutions that conduct electricity • Conductivity comes from the presence of ions • More ions, better conductivity

  8. Strong Electrolytes • Very soluble salts, strong acids, and strong bases • Strong acids – ionize completely in water to form H+ ions • E:\TV13A01.MOV • Strong bases – ionize completely to form OH- ions

  9. Weak Electrolytes • Don’t ionize completely • Weak acids HF(s)  H+ + F- • E:\TV13A02.MOV • Weak bases NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

  10. Non-Electrolytes • Don’t ionize at all

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