Chapter 8 Eating and Sleep Disorders

1. Chapter 8Eating and Sleep Disorders

2. Eating Disorders: An Overview Major Types of Eating Disorders Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa Disruptions in eating behavior Fear of gaining weight Sociocultural origins Westernized views Increasing rates Possibly leveling off? Technology Tip: The Something Fishy Website on Eating Disorders This web page is a wealth of information devoted to eating disorders, including treatments, prevention, and issues for men with eating disorders. http://www.something-fishy.org/ Technology Tip: Academy for Eating Disorders The Academy for Eating Disorders is a multidisciplinary professional organization focusing on Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder and related disorders. This site provides some useful links and information related to eating disorders and their treatment. http://www.aedweb.org/index.cfm Technology Tip: The Something Fishy Website on Eating Disorders This web page is a wealth of information devoted to eating disorders, including treatments, prevention, and issues for men with eating disorders. http://www.something-fishy.org/ Technology Tip: Academy for Eating Disorders The Academy for Eating Disorders is a multidisciplinary professional organization focusing on Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder and related disorders. This site provides some useful links and information related to eating disorders and their treatment. http://www.aedweb.org/index.cfm

3. Eating Disorders: An Overview Obesity 65% of US adults overweight 30% obese Rates are increasing BMI versus weight Health Risks Teaching Tip: Have students calculate their BMI and contrast these results with normal ranges. Contrast this with weight and body shape measurements alone. Health Risks: diabetes, stroke, hypertension, cancers, gall-bladder disease, etc. Technology Tip: Visit the CDC site on obesity for statistics, trends, and associated information: www.cdc.gov/overweight/ Teaching Tip: Have students calculate their BMI and contrast these results with normal ranges. Contrast this with weight and body shape measurements alone. Health Risks: diabetes, stroke, hypertension, cancers, gall-bladder disease, etc. Technology Tip: Visit the CDC site on obesity for statistics, trends, and associated information: www.cdc.gov/overweight/

4. Bulimia Nervosa Binge eating Excess amounts of food Perceived as �out of control� Compensatory behaviors Purging Excessive exercise Fasting Belief that popularity and self-esteem are determined by weight and body shape Purging � Self-induced vomiting, diuretics, laxatives Purging � Self-induced vomiting, diuretics, laxatives

5. Bulimia Nervosa � Clinical Description Subtypes Purging (most common) Ineffective Nonpurging (6-8%) Most are within 10% of normal weight Purging� Most common subtype (e.g., vomiting, laxatives, enemas) Nonpurging� (e.g., excess exercise, fasting) Purging� Most common subtype (e.g., vomiting, laxatives, enemas) Nonpurging� (e.g., excess exercise, fasting)

6. Bulimia Nervosa Medical Consequences Salivary gland enlargement Erosion of dental enamel Electrolyte imbalance Kidney failure Cardiac arrhythmia Seizures Intestinal problems Permanent colon damage Medical consequences: Salivary gland enlargement causes by repeated vomiting. The result is a chubby facial appearance. Erosion of dental enamel on the inner surface of the front teeth. May produce an electrolyte imbalance (i.e., disruption of sodium and potassium levels) which, in turn, can lead to potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia and renal failure. Intestinal problems resulting from laxative abuse are also potentially serious. Some individuals with bulimia also develop marked calluses on the fingers and backs of hands resulting from efforts to vomit by stimulating the gag reflex. Medical consequences: Salivary gland enlargement causes by repeated vomiting. The result is a chubby facial appearance. Erosion of dental enamel on the inner surface of the front teeth. May produce an electrolyte imbalance (i.e., disruption of sodium and potassium levels) which, in turn, can lead to potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia and renal failure. Intestinal problems resulting from laxative abuse are also potentially serious. Some individuals with bulimia also develop marked calluses on the fingers and backs of hands resulting from efforts to vomit by stimulating the gag reflex.

7. Associated Psychological Disorders Anxiety (75%) Social phobia and GAD Mood disorders (50-70%) Substance abuse (36.8%) Bulimia Nervosa Technology Tip: Visit the Renfrew Center Foundation site for more information on education, prevention, research, and treatment of eating disorders: http://www.renfrew.org/Technology Tip: Visit the Renfrew Center Foundation site for more information on education, prevention, research, and treatment of eating disorders: http://www.renfrew.org/

8. Anorexia Nervosa � Clinical Description �Overly-successful� weight loss 15% below expected weight Intense fears Gaining weight Losing control of eating Relentless pursuit of thinness Often begins with dieting The average is 25-30% below expected weight by the time they seek treatment. Technology Tip: National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD) ANAD is the oldest national non-profit organization helping eating disorder victims and their families. In addition to its free hotline counseling, ANAD operates an international network of support groups for sufferers and families, and offers referrals to health care professionals, who treat eating disorders, across the U.S. and in fifteen other countries. This site contains useful information and links. http://www.anad.org/ The average is 25-30% below expected weight by the time they seek treatment. Technology Tip: National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD) ANAD is the oldest national non-profit organization helping eating disorder victims and their families. In addition to its free hotline counseling, ANAD operates an international network of support groups for sufferers and families, and offers referrals to health care professionals, who treat eating disorders, across the U.S. and in fifteen other countries. This site contains useful information and links. http://www.anad.org/

9. Anorexia Nervosa � Clinical Description Subtypes Restricting Binge-eating-purging Associated features Body image disturbance Pride in diet and control Rarely seek treatment Restricting� Limit caloric intake via diet and fasting Binge-eating-purging� About 50% of anorexics Restricting� Limit caloric intake via diet and fasting Binge-eating-purging� About 50% of anorexics