Can Dyslexia be Artificially Induced in School? Yes, Says Researcher Edward Miller

1. Can Dyslexia be Artificially Induced in School? Yes, Says Researcher Edward Miller dys- = bad, ill, abnormal, impaired, difficult, etc. + lex = to speak, choose, read

2. Chief, perhaps only cause of dyslexia pg. 1 • look-say • whole-word • sight method

3. Invention of whole-word method • 1830’s by Rev. Thomas Gallaudet (ga-lə-ˈdet) • used to teach the deaf to read • juxtaposing word cat and picture • (juxta- = closely connected, near, beside + pose = place, put)

4. Cat

5. educators favored intensive, systematic phonics • Horace Mann (secretary of the Board of Education of Massachusetts) favored the whole word method • American Annals of Education • This method should soon get rid of the stupid and uninteresting mode now prevalent (Oct. 1832, p. 479) • The ABC is our initiative tormentor, requiring much time and Herculean effort, altogether thrown away. (Nov. 1833, p. 512)

6. By 1844 Boston schoolmasters urged a return to intensive, systematic phonics • Reason • Ideographic teaching technique on an • (idea + graph [something written down or recorded]) + • Alphabetic writing system • (alpha + beta 1sttwo letters fo the Greek alphabet; a system of characters, signs, or symbols to indicated letters or speech sounds)

7. Dr. Orton • this faulty teaching method may not only prevent the acquisition of academic education by children of average capacity but may also give rise to far reaching damage to their emotional life

8. dyslexia artificially induced • art = human ability to make things + fact = to do thus made by human work, not by nature • in- + duce = to lead If a child’s first-learned way of reading was configurational not phonetic, and if the child could read this sight vocabulary in an out-of context word list at more than 30 words per minute, that child would develop educational or artificially induced, dyslexia.

9. Overcoming a Handicap p. 3 • compensate • com- = with + • pen = to weigh • to make equivalent

10. Dr. Seuss’s 223 Words • pre-school sight-word books were born • when a pre-schooler is turned on to reading by Dr. Seuss and his friends he generally stays turned on to reading for life Just get them hooked on reading!

11. some children did not become sight-word readers: • they had parents who taught them to sound out words

12. Miller • the configurational and the phonetic methods were mutually exclusive • Frank Smith • the configurational and the phonetic methods were not mutually exclusive • If this was so, then why didn’t those who were trained to read phonetically ever become dyslexic, and those who were taught to read ideographically did?

13. Dr. Frank Wood, director of the Bowman Gray Learning Disability Project at the Bowman Gray School of medicine in Winson-Salem, North Carolina believed the deficit in decoding skills was due to children being “genetically predisposed against phonetic processes”. • Some children can’t learn to read via phonics.

14. January 1990 North Carolina • 26 2nd graders • 5 phonetic readers • 11 permanent holistic readers • 10 in a state of reading limbo (hadn’t yet develooped automaticity in either word identification mode) • 25 4th graders • 14 phonetic readers • 11 holistic readers • 0 in a state of reading limbo • 44% of public school students would emerge functionally illiterate

15. 1991 Dade Christian School Miami, Florida • 19 2nd graders • 14 phonetic readers • 4 holistic readers • 26 4th graders • 24 phonetic readers • 2 holistic readers