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A Brief Comparison:

A Brief Comparison:. T. Metodiev – D. Copsey – F.T. Chong – I.L. Chuang – M. Oskin – J. Kubiatowicz. Ion-Trap and Silicon-Based Implementations of Quantum Computation. QARC Quantum Architectural Research Center MIT – UC Davis – UC Berkeley – U Washington. Motivation.

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A Brief Comparison:

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  1. A Brief Comparison: T. Metodiev – D. Copsey – F.T. Chong – I.L. Chuang – M. Oskin – J. Kubiatowicz Ion-Trap and Silicon-Based Implementations of Quantum Computation QARC Quantum Architectural Research Center MIT – UC Davis – UC Berkeley – U Washington

  2. Motivation • Many Proposed Technologies • All work toward the same goal • some experimentally verified • Generalize the key constraints and capabilities • Purpose For Ion-Traps • Ion Traps are somewhat scalable • Decoherence-Free Subspace (DFS) encoding • Ballistic transport • Experimentally feasible

  3. Brief Roadmap • Recall The Skinner-Kane Model • Ion-Trap Model • DFS encoding • Ballistic transport • Fault-Tolerant Computation

  4. Skinner-Kane (SK) T = ~100 mK B AC S -Gates A -Gates B Barrier 28 Si - e - e + + 31 31 P P Substrate Skinner 02’

  5. Lasers Ion-Traps Linear RF Trap • Qubits are held in the hyperfine interaction between the nuclear • and electronic spin. • Gates: light induced coupling. • Information exchange is done by • Coulombic Interactions between ions and an ion head. • Problems with this approach. Cirac and Zoller, 95’

  6. Inter-Connected Ion Traps QCCD : Quantum Charge-Coupled Device Silicon Wafers Kielpinski 02’

  7. α + DFS Encoded Qubit and = = α α + : collective dephasing

  8. Fault-Tolerant Error Correction • Qubits Must be Encoded To Protect States • Errors Must Be Uncorrelated • Kane - avoidance, Ions - prevention

  9. Lowest Level Encoding • Ion Traps • DFS encoding • Corrected through SM gate pulses • Skinner Kane Model • Steane [[7,1,3]] code Steane 96’

  10. Second Level Encoding • Ion Traps • Steane [[7,1,3]] code • Skinner Kane Model • Steane [[7,1,3]] X [[7,1,3]] code To Data Qubits Encoded Zero Creation Verification Of Encoded Zero State Upper Level Codes are Recursive to the Lower Levels

  11. Gate 10nm Architectural Features • Ion-Traps • High Parallelism • Trapping electrodes need not be very large • Ions must be at least 10µm apart • Skinner Kane • qubits are 15-100 nm apart • T < 1K (Big Problem for Classical Gates)

  12. Transport – Static vs. Dynamic • Skinner-Kane (Static) • Neighbor-to-Neighbor Swaps – 0.15m/s Classical Gates e1 e2 • Ion-Traps (Dynamic) • Ballistic Transport – 10m/s

  13. Quick Analysis * Ion Total Cost : ~ 400 µs * Skinner-Kane Cost: ~ 4500 µs

  14. Conclusion • Alternative Approaches to Error Correction • Future Work

  15. Cross View (Silicon Wafers) RF RF Be+ DC DC RF RF Ion-Traps QCCD Quantum Charge-Coupled Device

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