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Nuclear Power: Fusion reactions and Fusion energy (NIF,ITER)

Nuclear Power: Fusion reactions and Fusion energy (NIF,ITER). Dresden, 13.12.2011 Martin Rehwald. Outline. 1. The Fusion Reaction (Conditions, Binding energy, Lawson criterion) 2. Fusion Energy Magnetic confinement fusion (ITER) Inertial confinement fusion (NIF).

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Nuclear Power: Fusion reactions and Fusion energy (NIF,ITER)

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  1. Nuclear Power: Fusion reactions and Fusion energy (NIF,ITER) Dresden, 13.12.2011 Martin Rehwald

  2. Outline 1. The Fusion Reaction (Conditions, Binding energy, Lawson criterion) 2. Fusion Energy Magnetic confinement fusion (ITER) Inertial confinement fusion (NIF)

  3. The Fusion Reaction Nuclear fusion is a process by which two atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus. + + + + + +

  4. Conditions for Nuclear Fusion Electromagnetic Coulomb Force Nuclei repulse each other Strong Interaction Bind protons and neutrons together At atomic scale it is about 100 times stronger, than electromagnetism Range: 1 to 3 fm (femtometer) + + + +

  5. Sun: 1.5*10⁷ K Coulomb barrier Pic 1 ¹ http://burro.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr221/StarPhys/coulomb.gif

  6. Quantum tunnelling Quantum tunneling: Particles can, with a very small probability, tunnel through a barrier.

  7. Mass defect: Sum of mass of protons and neutrons > measured mass of reaction products binding energy = mass defect * c² Pic 1 Fission Fusion ¹ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg

  8. Energy density p – p reaction :

  9. Other fusion reactions

  10. Lawson criterion The Lawson criterion defines the conditions needed for a fusion reactor to reach ignition. For D – T Reaction:

  11. Magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) Fusion energy Pic 1 Pic 2 ¹http://www.ipp.mpg.de/de/images/pic/images_bereiche/allgemein/380x265/ionen.gif ²http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/toroid.html

  12. Pic 3 Stellarator Tokamak Pic 2 Pic 1 ¹http://fusionforenergy.europa.eu/understandingfusion/whatisfusion/Whatisfusion_3.jpg ²http://www.weltderphysik.de/_img/article_large/20081015_Stellarator_MPIfPlasmaphysik.jpg ³http://www.lpp.fr/IMG/jpg/tore-3.jpg

  13. ITER Design Central Solenoid Blanket Module Outer Intercoil Structure Vacuum Vessel Toroidal Field Coil Poloidal Field Coil ¹http://www.odec.ca/projects/2004/yeun4d0/public_html/Images/ITER1.jpg

  14. Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) Blowoff Compression Burn ¹http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inertial_confinement_fusion.svg

  15. Direct Drive: Laser Beams are focused onto the surface of the target Indirect Drive Laser Beams are focused at the inner site of the cylinder cylindrical hohlraum made of gold Laser Beam Target Target, filled with a deuterium tritium (D-T) mixture http://www.dpg-physik.de/dpg/gliederung/fv/p/info/pix/Pellet.jpg

  16. Sources Books: Gerthsen Physik 21. Ausgabe, Springer-Velag Kernphysik 2.Auflage: Bethge, Walter, Wiedemann, Springer-Verlag Teilchen und Kerne: Povh, Rith, Scholz, Zetsche World wide Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_energy http://www.dpg-physik.de/dpg/gliederung/fv/p/info/index.html http://www2.fz-juelich.de/portal/forschung/highlights/kernfusion http://www.ipp.mpg.de/ippcms/de/index.html https://lasers.llnl.gov/ http://www.iter.org/

  17. Sources Picture: http://burro.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr221/StarPhys/coulomb.gif http://nige.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/curve-of-binding-energy.gif http://www.ipp.mpg.de/de/images/pic/images_bereiche/allgemein/380x265/ionen.gif http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/toroid.html http://www.lpp.fr/IMG/jpg/tore-3.jpg http://fusionforenergy.europa.eu/understandingfusion/whatisfusion/Whatisfusion_3.jpg http://www.weltderphysik.de/_img/article_large/20081015_Stellarator_MPIfPlasmaphysik.jpg http://www.odec.ca/projects/2004/yeun4d0/public_html/Images/ITER1.jpg http://www.dpg-physik.de/dpg/gliederung/fv/p/info/pix/Pellet.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg

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