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Programmatic issues around PMTCT -

Programmatic issues around PMTCT -. Ruth Nduati Senior Lecturer Department of Pediatrics University of Nairobi. Urban antenatal HIV prevalence in sub Sahara Africa. Infant mortality rates by maternal HIV status (Coulter 1993, Boerma 1998). Magnitude of MTCT transmission of HIV.

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Programmatic issues around PMTCT -

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  1. Programmatic issues around PMTCT - Ruth Nduati Senior Lecturer Department of Pediatrics University of Nairobi

  2. Urban antenatal HIV prevalence in sub Sahara Africa

  3. Infant mortality rates by maternal HIV status (Coulter 1993, Boerma 1998)

  4. Magnitude of MTCT transmission of HIV

  5. Mortality among HIV-1 seropositive breastfeeding and formula-feeding women(Nduati et al. Lancet 2001)

  6. Effect of mother’s death on infant survival “Independent of infection status HIV exposed infants were at an 8 fold increased risk of death following their mother’s death Nduati et al., Lancet 2001;357:1651

  7. Efficacy of short course AZT in a breastfeeding population (Leroy AIDS 2002;16:631-641)

  8. Cumulative mortality at 24 months

  9. HIV AND INFANT FEEDING: THE DILEMMA

  10. Strategic approaches to prevention of HIV related morbidity and mortality in children • Prevention of HIV in young women • Prevention of unintended pregnancies in HIV infected individuals • Prevention of MTCT transmission of HIV • Provision of c are to HIV infected women and their families.

  11. Steps in implementing a PMTCT • Program level • Advocacy with District Health Management Teams and other important stake holders • Consensus building on the package of services • Development of guidelines • Development of IEC materials • Development of monitoring and evaluation tools

  12. The PMTCT package • Quality antenatal care • Universal HIV counseling and voluntary testing • Partner involvement in counseling • Provision of anti-retroviral prophylaxis • Counseling on replacement feeding and safer breastfeeding practices • Safe delivery • Post-natal care for the infant

  13. Provision of quality antenatal care • Health education • Screening and treatment of STD’s • Screening for anaemia • Micronutrient supplementation • Malaria chemoprophylaxis • Immunization against tetanus • Screening for other pregnancy related complications eg. Diabetes or eclampsia • Family planning counseling

  14. Screening for syphilis with RPR

  15. Guidelines to support PMTCT • National Infant feeding policy • Guidelines for the care of HIV infected women • Guidelines on the use of anti-retroviral drugs

  16. IEC materials to support PMTCT • Posters to be used within the health facility and at community level • Take home brochures to help women initiate discussion on PMTCT • Flip charts with detailed information to help the health worker provide accurate information • Badges for counselors to help clients identify who they can approach for information • Video to be used in antenatal clinic • Counseling cards on infant feeding

  17. Tools for monitoring PMTCT at health facility level • Modified antenatal card • Modified institutional registers • Antenatal register • Laboratory register • Delivery register • Bin cards • Drug registers (maternity, MCH, pharmacy) • New register • Counselors register • Weekly summary sheets

  18. Steps in implementing PMTCT at facility level • Advocacy with the staff • Needs assessment to • Determine the existing resources and gaps • existing package of services being provided • Development of training materials • Training of health workers • Establishment of appropriate client flow • Carrying out monitoring and evaluation

  19. Factors affecting uptake of testing • Counseling case load • Prevalence of HIV • Counseling strategy – • Group versus one-one counseling • Opt-in versus opt-out approach to testing • Client flow • one-stop service provision versus production line approach

  20. Uptake of HIV-test results and ARV’s

  21. Content of Health education & counseling before and 9 months after a PMTCT program in Karatina

  22. Content of Health education & counseling before and 9 months after a PMTCT program in Homa Bay

  23. Quality of HIV testing in Homa Bay District Hospital

  24. Quality of HIV testing in Karatina District Hospital

  25. Counseling Environment

  26. Communication Skills in HIV counseling sessions (1)

  27. Communication Skills in HIV counseling sessions (2)

  28. CHALLENGES • Sustaining the consumables – HIV Test kits, IEC Materials • Providing essential package of services such as syphilis screening, and antenatal multivitamin supplements • Improving uptake of test results and intervention among HIV infected women.. • Providing standardized messages and ensuring quality of counseling.

  29. Joan Kreiss Grace John Barbrar Richardson Julie Overbaug Dana Pantaleef Christine Rousseau Population Council Family Health International Ruth Nduati Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha J Ndinya Acholla J Bwayo Anthony Mwatha James Ochieng Partnerships

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