Institutional Arrangements and Organizational Structures

1. Institutional Arrangements and Organizational Structures Session 1World Bank InstituteKatherine Kelman Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  1 1 1 1

2. How are National Disaster Management Systems Organized? • Maintain formal and informal interaction between institutions, financial mechanisms, regulations and policies • Engage senior government policymakers AND accommodating and supporting local decision-making and private market initiatives • Balance centralized (“top-down”) and decentralized (“bottom-up”) approaches Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  2

3. How are National Disaster Management Systems Organized? cont’d. • Address both the ex ante (pre-disaster) and ex post (post-disaster) phases of the risk management cycle • However, they demand distinct technical and administrative approaches. • Tailor organization to the nature of federal or intergovernmental relations within the country. • National governments usually play a major role in risk identification, risk transfer, and rehabilitation and reconstruction. • Local governments, often with the help of NGOs, are involved in risk mitigation, preparedness and emergency response. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  3

4. Building and Strengthening National Systems for Disaster Prevention and Response • An integrated, cross-sectoral network of institutions addressing all the phases of risk reduction and disaster recovery requires: • Policy and planning • Reform of legal and regulatory frameworks • Coordination mechanisms • Strengthening of participating institutions • National action plans for mitigation policies, and institutional development. • The organizational approach is also important: • Reactive vs. proactive approach to risk management. • Powers and responsibilities concentrated in center vs. hierarchically distributed. • Interaction between the levels coercive vs. cooperative. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  4

5. Designing Effective National Disaster Management Systems • Have an explicit national disaster strategy that is integrated into other national policies, such as: • Environmental, poverty, development • Integrate key players in the national disaster management process, such as: • Finance ministry, local community leaders, NGOs, and private market actors • Make provisions to ensure sufficient resources for key players to carry out their responsibilities, such as: • Continual risk assessment • Country-wide risk transfer • Mutual aid agreements with other levels of government • Extended partnerships Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  5

6. Philippines - Elements of An Effective Response Operation COMMAND AND CONTROL LAW ENFORCEMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES EVACUATION AND RELIEF DAMAGE AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT SEARCH AND RESCUE FIRE SUPPRESSION VOLUNTEER RESPONSE GROUPS / AUXILLIARIES Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  6

7. Typical Organizational Structure Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  7

8. Country Approaches to Disaster Management Systems • Risk management receives the attention of those responsible for long-term economic planning and is integrated into the planning process when: • Disasters are considered as part of the development process • Ineffective systems fail to develop long-term sustainable support for members’ activities • Successful systems take advantage of the existing government structures and involve: • National, provincial, local, and community government • Ministries and other institutions Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  8

9. Incorporating Key Players Is Important • Finance ministries • Help ensure funding for the institutional framework; • Facilitate incorporation of disaster management into development policy; • Provide incentives for financing mitigation projects. • Communities • Local communities provide impetus for national disaster management when political motivation flags; • Local level feedback is important in the disaster management process. • International aid and financial institutions • Policies and the incentives they create for countries can make or break the establishment of national disaster risk programs. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  9

10. Incorporating Key Players, cont’d. • Private sector risk transfer providers • Provide individuals and communities with a range of options for transferring disaster risk ex-ante through insurance, catastrophe hedges, etc. • Create incentives for mitigation and prevention • Can team up with governments to devise affordable insurance schemes • Military • Traditionally in control of civil defense Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  10

11. Philippines: National Disaster Coordinating Councils ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL 17 REGIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS 79 PROVINCIAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS 113 CITY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS 1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS 41,956 BARANGAY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  11

12. Becoming Integrated into Policies and National Systems • Requires political will • Requires a constituency beyond disaster specialists • Needs to reflect the preferences of the population, such as when legislated through a participatory process • Needs to reflect correctly assessed risks through cooperation with researchers Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems  12