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The Atlantic Revolutions

The Atlantic Revolutions. AP World Mr. Owen and Sr. Colden Spring 2014. Introduction. The French Revolution was the centerpiece of a revolutionary process all around the Atlantic world between 1775 and 1875 Atlantic revolutions had an impact far beyond the Atlantic world. More Intro.

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The Atlantic Revolutions

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  1. The Atlantic Revolutions AP World Mr. Owen and Sr. Colden Spring 2014

  2. Introduction • The French Revolution was the centerpiece of a revolutionary process all around the Atlantic world between 1775 and 1875 • Atlantic revolutions had an impact far beyond the Atlantic world

  3. More Intro • The revolutions of North America, Europe, Haiti, and Latin America influenced each other. • Similarities:

  4. The French Revolution

  5. The French Monarchy:1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

  6. Louis XVI Louis XIV

  7. Marie Antoinette’s“Peasant Cottage”

  8. Marie Antoinette’s“Peasant Cottage”

  9. The Estates of France • The First Estate • The Second Estate • The Third Estate

  10. Old Regime Pie Chart

  11. The forces that made Revolution Possible • Long Term Causes • Population Growth • Expansion of the Middle Class • Rise of informed public opinion • Immediate Causes • Financial Issues • Weather / Employment • Nobles refuse

  12. The French Urban Poor

  13. Financial Problemsin France, 1789 • Urban Commoner’sBudget: • Food 80% • Rent 25% • Tithe 10% • Taxes 35% • Clothing 20% • TOTAL 170% • King’s Budget: • Interest 50% • Army 25% • Versailles 25% • Coronation 10% • Loans 25% • Admin. 25% • TOTAL 160%

  14. Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!

  15. The Estates General • Background • Early Issues • How to Vote

  16. The Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head! Clergy 1st Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate

  17. The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by Estates Clergy 1st Estate 1 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 1 1 Commoners 3rd Estate Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.

  18. The Estates General • June 17th, 1789 National Assembly formed • June 20th National Assembly Locked OUT!!! • Tennis Court Oath

  19. “Tennis Court Oath”

  20. Paris Speaks: The Fall of the Bastille, July 14, 1789 • Current state of Paris • Jacques Necker Fired • July 14, 1789 - Bastille falls

  21. Storming the Bastille!

  22. From Monarchy to Republic

  23. The Revolution of Rights and Reason • Great Fear • End of Feudalism • Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen • Constitution and Church • Constitution • Church • Civil Constitution of the Clergy (July 1790)

  24. The Monarchy Humiliated: The October Days

  25. Failure of the Constitutional Monarchy • The Three Problems of the New Regime • The financial crisis that plagued the monarchy • The Continuing agitation in Paris • The King’s refusal to play the part the Revolution assigned him

  26. The Failure of the Constitutional Monarchy • The financial crisis that plagued the monarchy • The sale of land doesn’t really help out the Government much • 1790 “Civil Constitution of the Clergy” • New currency was created called Assignats • Inflation

  27. The Failure of the Constitutional Monarchy • The Continuing agitation in Paris • revolutionary subculture  Sans-Culottes • Professional agitators are born • Jacques Hebert • George Danton • Jean-Paul Marat • Camille Desmoulins

  28. The Failure of the Constitutional Monarchy • The King’s refusal to play the part the Revolution assigned him • Louis XVI kept in contact with people not considered friendly to the Revolution • In June 1791 He tries to escape • Caught at Varennes

  29. War, Terror, and Dictatorship • The Legislative Assembly replaces the Constituent Assembly in October 1791 • The new dominant faction within the Legislative Assembly is the “Gironde” • Leaders: Vergniaud, Isnard, and Jacques Pierre Brissot

  30. War, Terror, and Dictatorship • War • The Threat • Why was is possible? • Response • April 1792 France declares war on Austria

  31. The Fall of the Monarchy: August – September 1792 • Causes: • Austria-Prussia seize key border fortress of Verdun • September Massacres

  32. Guillotine Dr. Joseph Guillotin

  33. The Convention Executes the King • November 1792 letters of correspondence found at Tulleries • Robespierre wants Louis XVI executed • January 21, 1793  King Louis XVI was sent to Guillotine

  34. The Haitian Revolution

  35. The Haitian Revolution • Background • French Revolution sparked it off

  36. The Haitian Revolution • A unique revolution • Haiti’s success generated great hope and great fear.

  37. Spanish American Revolution

  38. Spanish American Revolution • Origins of revolution • Reasons why Latin American independence movements were limited at first

  39. Spanish American Revolution • Creole elites had revolution thrust upon them by events in Europe. • Longer process than in North America

  40. Spanish American Revolution • Nativism • Difficulties uniting Spanish colonies

  41. Spanish American Revolution • Results

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