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Chemistry of life I

Chemistry of life I. Standard 4 performance indicator 1.2 major understanding 1.2h. Organic and inorganic compounds. 1. Many organic and inorganic substances are dissolved in cells. 2. They allow necessary chemical reactions to take place in order to maintain life. Inorganic compounds.

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Chemistry of life I

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  1. Chemistry of life I Standard 4 performance indicator 1.2 major understanding 1.2h

  2. Organic and inorganic compounds 1. Many organic and inorganic substances are dissolved in cells. 2. They allow necessary chemical reactions to take place in order to maintain life.

  3. Inorganic compounds Do not contain C (carbon) and H (hydrogen) together. Examples: • water: H2O • Salts: NaCl Na+Cl- • acids and bases

  4. Organic compounds • Contain C (carbons) and H (hydrogen) • Examples: Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and nucleic acids.

  5. Activity • Read descriptions of each kind of organic compound on the handouts. • Examine shapes and elements of paper models of organic compounds. • Categorize paper models of organic compounds using the description. • Check your answers with the next ppt slides.

  6. Carbohydrate • Sugars, starches, and cellulose 1. Sugar, starches, and glycogen: energy sources 2. Cellulose: structure in plants • Ratio (CH2O)n http://www.confusedwithfood.com/what-is-a-carbohydrate.html

  7. Carbohydrate structure • Monosaccharide • (one sugar) Disaccharides  (two sugars) http://www.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/netorial/modules/biomolecules/modules/carbs/carb5.htm

  8. Carbohydrate structure con’t • Polysaccharides (many sugars) Starch (energy source in plants): potato, rice, bread, etc. Glycogen (energy sources in animals): Glycogen is stored in your liver.

  9. Carbohydrate structure con’t • Polysaccharides (many sugars) con’t Cellulose (structure in plants) http://www.easychem.com.au/production-of-materials/biomass-research/cellulose

  10. Carbohydrates and your body • 55%-60% of daily calories has to come from carbohydrates. • Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) have minerals and fiber which are good for your bodies. • Simple sugars (mono and disaccharides) are more quickly digested. http://www.cnn.com/FOOD/resources/food.for.thought/explainers/carbohydrate.facts.html?iref=allsearch

  11. Lipids (Fat) • Soluble in nonpolar solvents/ insoluble in water • Structure of cell membranes and hormones • Energy storage (contains high calories and tastes good!) http://www.formulamedical.com/Topics/Nutrition/fats.htm http://dietiran.com/news/public1/fats.html

  12. Lipids structure • Mostly carbon and hydrogen; little oxygen Triglyceride http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol115/wyatt/biochem/lipid/Lipid_2.asp

  13. Lipids structure con’t • http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20100/Bio%20100%20Lectures/biochemistry/biochemi.htm

  14. Lipids and your body • Limit fat consumption up to about 30% of daily calories. • Eat more unsaturated fat than saturated fat. • Too much saturated fat can cause heart diseases and blood vessel diseases. • Too much fat consumption can cause obesity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity

  15. Protein • Structure, enzymes, energy storage, hormones, etc. • Polymers made up of repeating units (amino acids) http://www.specialtycareservices.com/2010/04/good-low-fat-protein-for-the-elderly/

  16. Protein structure • Amino acids : There are 20 common amino acids. http://www.whitetigernaturalmedicine.com/nutrition/proteins-amino-acids

  17. Protein structure con’t • Polypeptide (many peptides) http://notesforpakistan.blogspot.com/2010_08_24_archive.html http://homepages.ius.edu/gkirchne/biomolec.htm

  18. Protein structure con’t • Hemoglobin structure

  19. Protein and your body • 90 g of protein per day is recommended. • Dairy products, meat, and fish have protein. • You can consume complete protein when you have rice and legumes together or corn and black beans together. http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/indepth.food/explainers/protein.facts.html

  20. Nucleic acids • Polymers • DNA and RNA (Genetic information) http://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/eweber/bio101/notes/snotes/10_03_12_bio101.html

  21. Nucleic acids structure • Phosphate + deoxyribose + nitrogenous base http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/genetics/biotech/basics/nastruct.html

  22. Nucleic acids structure http://structbio.vanderbilt.edu/~eglim/ http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/genetics/biotech/basics/nastruct.html

  23. Nucleic acids structure

  24. Homework • Choose a day and record what you eat on that day and calculate calories using the table on the handout. (Look at the nutritional facts of food you eat.) • Check percentages or grams of fat, carbohydrates, and protein. Are you eating healthy? Explain how you can improve your diet based on your calculations.

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