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Italy_SWOT Update 2009

Italy_SWOT Update 2009. Mariagrazia Leone Sveva Magaraggia Giovanna Vingelli Utrecht, 3 June 2009. STRENGHTS. WEAKNESSES. 1. Women's higher level of education

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Italy_SWOT Update 2009

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  1. Italy_SWOT Update 2009 Mariagrazia Leone Sveva Magaraggia Giovanna Vingelli Utrecht, 3 June 2009

  2. STRENGHTS WEAKNESSES 1. Women's higher level of education 2. Equal Opportunities Legislation (Law 125/91; Law 53/2000); Art. 51 Constitution (de iure equality AND de facto equality in access to public offices and elective bodies 3. Definition of direct and indirect discrimination 1. Low level of female participation in politics. 2. New labour Policies 3. Lack of gender awareness/political will 4. No links with NGO's, Women's movement, Academy 5. No mention of Gender Impact Assessment 6. Lack of awareness on mainstreaming, implementation of sectorial policies 7. Erosion of power of Equal Opportunities Machinery OPPORTUNITIES THREATS 1. Rising female presence in the labour market 2. Women's higher level of education 1. Women employment rate still under the average rate in Europe 2. Vertical and horizontal segregation in the labour market 3. Pay-gap 4. Regional differences 5. Unequal distribution of family tasks and responsabilities

  3. Horizontal and vertical segregation

  4. Women in the Italian Parliament % (1972-2008)

  5. WOMEN CANDIDATES: 32,1% . (2 points less than 2004). • Slight difference among parties

  6. STRENGHTS WEAKNESSES • Increasing female university enrollment and graduation • New Bill on Gender Statistics • VISPO Guidelines • New rules on retirement • Political commitment • No formal network for exchange about gender issues (no Velvet triangle) • Fragmented equal opportunities interventions • Gender mainstreaming has not successfully intervened in large policy areas, in important decision-making processes • Top-down approach/technocratic process • No political pressure from women' movement/society at large • No links with theoretical reflection • No intersectionality OPPORTUNITIES THREATS • Gender budgeting experiences • Anti-Violence Local Networks • Decentralization • ESF Impact • Local committees on equal opportunities in all public institutions have been set up • Equal Opportunities in the public debate • - Very low female participation rate to labor market • Increasing poverty among women • Emerging new socio-economic risks (low education, low professional qualification, low-paid jobs, lone parent families, aging) with intergenerational implications • Low expenditure on services, low enrolment of young children in child-care or lacking quality of child-care • Very inflexible working time regulations within a high hours culture • Deficient parental leave regulations • Weak need assessment and monitoring systems especially of latent needs • Increasing irregular work • Increasing discouraged female workers • Persistent asymmetries of power between genders • Organizational Culture • No flexicurity • no development of “equality mechanisms”

  7. Femocrats Gender Policies Politicians “Civil society”/women’s movement/women’s studies

  8. Access High Low High Australia The Netherlands Norway Denmark Sweden UK France Spain Influence on policy making Low Germany USA Canada Ireland ITALY

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