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Garden Botany

Garden Botany. Definitions. Botany is the science or study of plants Horticulture is the science and art of cultivating flowers, fruits, vegetables, grass, and ornamental plants in an orchard, garden, nursery or greenhouse. From the Latin: Hortus (garden) and cultus (tilling).

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Garden Botany

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  1. Garden Botany

  2. Definitions • Botany is the science or study of plants • Horticulture is the science and art of cultivating flowers, fruits, vegetables, grass, and ornamental plants in an orchard, garden, nursery or greenhouse. • From the Latin: Hortus(garden) and cultus(tilling)

  3. Classifying Plants • Classification by: • Use • Temperate Requirement • Ecological Adaptation • Taxonomy • Stem and leaf structure • Life Cycle

  4. Classification by Use • EDIBLE • Fruits • Tree fruits • Small fruits • Vegetable • Warm season • Cool season • Herbs • Culinary • Medicinal • Nuts • ORNAMENTAL/LANDSCAPE • Woody Plants • Trees • Shrubs • Vines and ground covers • Herbaceous Plants • Flowers • Vines and ground covers • Grass

  5. Classification by Temperate Requirement • Tropical plants vs. Temperate-zone plants • Warm vs. Cool season plants • Tender vs. Hardy plants • Long day vs. Short day plants • Cold hardiness zone plants

  6. Classification by Ecological Adaptation • Alpine • Prairie • Ponderosa pine forest • Pinyon/Juniper forest • Riparian • Xeric (dry)

  7. Classification by Taxonomy • Plant Kingdom divided into two groups: • Non-vascular plants • Vascular plants • Nearly all plants in the garden are vascular

  8. Classification by Taxonomy • Gymnosperms • Do not have true flowers • Seeds are enclosed in fruits • Most seeds are produced in cones

  9. Classification by Taxonomy • Angiosperms • Produce flowers • Develop fruits that contain seeds • Can be divided into monocots and dicots

  10. Classification by Taxonomy

  11. Plant Evolution

  12. Classification by Stem and Leaf Texture • Herbaceous plants • Woody plants • Deciduous plants • Evergreen plants • Broadleaf • Narrowleaf • Grass-like Butterfly Bush, Woody stems Bee Balm, Herbaceous/non-woody stems Evergreen plants hold their leaves year-round Corn is a good example of broadleaf Deciduous plants shed their leaves every year Narrow leaf lavendar

  13. Classification by Life Cycle • Annuals • Biennials • Perennials

  14. PLANT PARTS • Roots • Stems • Leaves • Fruits • Flowers • Seeds

  15. Roots • Absorb water and nutrients from soil • Anchor the plant • Provide support for stem • Store sugars and starches (needed for photosynthesis) • Source of winter survival for perennials • Fibrous roots vs. Tap roots

  16. Stems • Connects roots to leaves • Supports buds and leaves • Phloem and xylem serve as channels in the stem for carrying water, minerals, and sugars to other plant parts. Xylem brings water up the stem, and Phloem sends water down. • Stems grow above or below the ground.

  17. Leaves • Absorb sunlight energy to make food through the process of photosynthesis • Take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen • Store energy • Control water through transpiration • Simple or compound Photosynthesis water + CO2 sugar + O2

  18. Flowers • Showiest part of plants; fragrant and/or colorful to attract pollinators • Important for sexual reproduction • Self pollinating or cross pollinating

  19. Fruit • Part of the plant that surrounds one or more seeds • Spread seeds • Attracts animals to help spread seeds

  20. Seeds • Contain the information needed for a new plant to grow • Embryo • Endosperm • Seed coat

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