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The Central Business District

The Central Business District. Characteristics Issues Renewal & Redevelopment. Characteristics. Location - generally at centre of town or city Accessible – road, rail – high vehicle flows Focus of transport termini, e.g., bus station Expensive land – bid rent theory

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The Central Business District

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  1. The Central Business District Characteristics Issues Renewal & Redevelopment

  2. Characteristics • Location - generally at centre of town or city • Accessible – road, rail – high vehicle flows • Focus of transport termini, e.g., bus station • Expensive land – bid rent theory • Tall buildings - offices • Car parks • Pedestrians – high concentration • Pedestrianised areas • Changing land uses, e.g, shopping malls • Doughnut effect – move to out-of-town areas

  3. Why? • Highly accessible • Bid Rent concept • Too accessible? • Too expensive? • Too congested? • Now inaccessible? • Evening patterns differ from daytime • Too many pubs, clubs etc – anti-social behaviour?

  4. Originated as a market. Developed permanent shops during Victorian/Edwardian era Some areas demolished for… Indoor “mall” (1960s) linked to redevelopment of New St Station, CBD ring road. Pedestrianisation of surrounding streets Large car parks built Market & small “park” created Birmingham: the Bull Ring

  5. By 1980s central area run down Traffic congestion Litter, graffiti, crime Dingy subways connecting car parks, streets etc put off shoppers “concrete collar” broken The Pavilions opened New Bull Ring opened in 2003 New Selfridges opened The Rotunda redeveloped for housing (234 flats) New Redevelopment

  6. Work begins on £45m redevelopment • Bulldozers have started clearing part of Birmingham city centre as part of a £45m redevelopment. The 16-acre project, regenerating the eastern area of the city, is set to create 5,000 jobs, Birmingham City Council said. • Building work is expected to start in 2009 subject to planning permission. The site will border Birmingham's first new city centre park in more than a century, which is due to be completed by 2008. The winning park design - Patel Taylor's proposal of three interconnected gardens - was announced in December. • Regional development agency Advantage West Midlands has also been working with the council on the 16-acre regeneration project, called Ventureast. • BBC Feb 2007

  7. High St, King St,Market St, Clarendon Rd. Focus on Market St & High St-cattle market until WWI (behind Ask) Traffic through all streets until 1960s Ring road & car parks constructed Partially pedestrianised Charter Place redeveloped Watford’s CBD

  8. Clarendon Rd – housing demolished & offices built between 1980s & present 1992 – Harlequin Shopping Centre opened Expanded into Charter Place Market/Charter Place to be renewed “Pond” area – shops closed, bars etc opened – “café quarter” Final cinema moved to Woodside in 1990s King St/High St currently “blighted” (‘til redevelopment takes place) Similarly Clements building http://www.ldf.watford.gov.uk/portal/ldf/cs/cspo?pointId=1195909717162#section-1195909717162 Recent redevelopment & the future

  9. St Marys area – conservation area • “Town Square” opened up, late 1990s • Lower High Street also having facelift

  10. Why is CBD redevelopment necessary? • Old, dated buildings & streets cause dereliction, decline – shoppers put off • Traffic congestion – diseconomies of scale • Offices relocate to out-of-town areas • Out-of-town shopping centres constructed, e.g., Merry Hill competed with Dudley, Birmingham; Savacentre/M & S, London Colney competed with St Albans, Watford • Empty units present poor image – need for reimaging • Anti-social behaviour – reputation deters investment • Think about how people use the area

  11. Other examples • http://search.bbc.co.uk/search?go=homepage&q=Birmingham%20city%20centre%20redevelopment&tab=av&scope=all

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