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Liquids and Solids

Liquids and Solids. Solids. Objectives. Explain the properties of solids according to the KMT. Distinguish between amorphous and crystalline solids. Define crystal structure and unit cell. Solids. Definite shape Definite volume

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Liquids and Solids

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  1. Liquids and Solids Solids

  2. Objectives • Explain the properties of solids according to the KMT. • Distinguish between amorphous and crystalline solids. • Define crystal structure and unit cell.

  3. Solids • Definite shape • Definite volume • Intermolecular forces have a large effect; particles are held in fixed positions

  4. Properties of Solids Definite melting point • Temperature at which the particles of a solid overcome intermolecular forces that hold them in fixed positions • Freezing points and melting points have the same values • Amorphous do not have a definite melting point.

  5. Properties of Solids High Density • Particles of solid are packed close together as a result of low K.E. and high intermolecular forces. Incompressibility • Particles cannot be pressed into a smaller volume. Low Rate of Diffusion • Result of limited particle movement and limited space between particles

  6. Crystalline Solids • Solids in which the particles are arranged in an orderly geometric pattern • Arrangement of particles is called a crystal lattice • The simplest portion of the lattice is called the unit cell

  7. Types of Crystalline Solids Ionic • Ionic bonds between anions and cations Covalent Network • Covalent bonds between atoms. • Examples: Diamond (Cx), quartz (SiO2)x, Metallic • Metal cations surrounded by a see of electrons Molecular covalent • Molecules held together by intermolecular forces (disperson, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding

  8. Types of Crystalline Solids

  9. Amorphous Solids • Particles are arranged randomly • Sometimes referred to as supercooled liquids • Examples include glass, rubber, plastics.

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