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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Informal Fallacies. Preview of Chapter 4: Concepts that may present difficulty. 4.1 “ Fallacies of Irrelevance ” The point is whether the claim is actually relevant or—more likely— not . English /Latinate names 4.2 “ Fallacies Involving Ambiguity ”

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Informal Fallacies

  2. Preview of Chapter 4:Concepts that may present difficulty • 4.1 “Fallacies of Irrelevance” • The point is whether the claim is actually relevant or—more likely—not. • English/Latinate names • 4.2 “Fallacies Involving Ambiguity” • Amphiboly is sort of like equivocation—but it’s not the same. • Composition and division are similar—but they’re not the same. • 4.3 “Fallacies Involving Unwarranted Assumptions” • “Begging the Question” is not what it sounds like.

  3. Chapter 4.1: Fallacies of Irrelevance • Which of these concepts/terms were difficult? • Fallacy • Formal • Informal • Of irrelevance • Ad Hominem (Against the Man) • Personal attack • Circumstantial • TuQuoque • Straw Man • Ad Baculum(Appeal to Force) • Ad Populum(Appeal to the People) • Ad Misercordiam(Appeal to Pity) • Ad Ignorantiam (Appeal to Ignorance) • IgnoratioElenchi(Red Herring or Missing the Point) • For the concepts/terms that were confusing, can someone clarify it for us by defining and giving at least one example, or the range of examples, of it? • Why is it important to understand these concepts/terms? • Review problematic exercises. E.g., in what instances might x look fallacious, but not be?

  4. Chapter 4.2: Fallacies of Ambiguity • Which of these concepts/terms were difficult? • Fallacy of Ambiguity • Equivocation • Amphiboly • Composition • Division • For the concepts/terms that were confusing, can someone clarify it for us by defining and giving at least one example, or the range of examples, of it? • Why is it important to understand these concepts/terms? • Review problematic exercises

  5. Chapter 4.3: Fallacies of Unwarranted Assumption • Which of these concepts/terms were difficult? • Unwarranted Assumption (which raises the question, “What assumptions are unwarranted?”) • Begging the Question (PetitioPrincipii): it’s not what you think! • False Dilemma • Appeal to Unreliable Authority (Ad Verecundiam) • False Cause/Slippery Slope (Catastrophizing) • Complex Question • Poisoning Well / Association / Genetic (also could be irrelevance) • Fallacy Fallacy • For the concepts/terms that were confusing, can someone clarify it for us by defining and giving at least one example, or the range of examples, of it? • Why is it important to understand these concepts/terms? • Review problematic exercises

  6. Chapter 5: Categorical Logic Statements • Chapter 5.1 • Terminology is important: we will be coming back to it again and again. • Translation is key: grasp the meaning of stylistic variants and their translation • Chapter 5.2 • Chapter 5.3

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