Small Hydropower: Clean Energy Solution for EU-27

1. SMALL HYDROPOWER, ENERGY AND WATER Swedish Renewable Energies Association Copenmind 2008 Copenhagen, Denmark 3 September 2008 SHERPA PROJECT Christer Söderberg SERO Sweden Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

2. SwedishRenewable Energies Association SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27 SHERPA PROJECT Small Hydropower, energy and water EU definition: max installed capacity 10MW Total capacity: 11 737 MW Total production: 38 515 GWh Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

3. WHY RENEWABLES & SMALL HYDROPOWER? • Climate Change • Protection of environment • Ending of fossil fuels and rising oil prices • Need to diversify energy mix for the future • Security of supply • New innovative business sector • Urgent need for clean energy Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

4. POLICY FRAMEWORK • Kyoto protocol • EU White Paper • Directive 2001/77/EC, promotion of renewable electricity • New Directive on the promotion of Renewable energy with 20% mandatory target by 2020 Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

5. SMALL HYDROPOWER BENEFITS • SHP can be one of the most economic methods of generating electricity. It has long lifespan up to 50 years or more and relatively low operating and maintenance costs. • Highly efficient (from 70% to 90%) • Proven and reliable technology • Secure source of electricity supply – can counter the • intermittency of other renewable energy technologies such as • solar and wind • Attractive energy pay-back ratio • Tool for flood prevention and control • Suitable for rural electrification in developing countries Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

6. Small Hydropower is clean, emissions-free and renewable source of energy • NON-COMBUSTION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION • (NCEP) • NO EMISSION AT ENERGY CONVERSION • NO EMISSION AT FUEL PRODUCTION • NO EMISSION AT FUEL TRANSPORT • NO WASTE Highest ranking in Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

7. HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE • BEFORE 1830 WATER WHEEL • 1830 THE WATER TURBINE WAS DEVELOPED IN FRANCE • 1880 CA ELECTRICITY PRODUCED WITH HYDROPOWER • 1900-1960 FAST DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPOWER • 1960-1980 A DARK PERIOD FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER • 1980-2000 SLOWLY REVIVAL OF SMALL HYDROPOWER • 2000- A COME-BACK FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

8. LEADING SHP COUNTRIES IN EU EU MEMBER STATES (6 leading countries account for 85.1% of SHP capacity) COUNTRYCAPACITY, MWPRODUCTION, GWH Italy 2 467 7 875 France 2 049 6 010 Spain 1 816 3 999 Germany 1 650 7 996 Austria 1 099 3 800 Sweden 898 3 516 All EU-27 11 737 38 515 Source: ESHA 2006 figures COUNTRIES OUTSIDE EU Norway 1 310 4 893 Switzerland 794 3 439 Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

9. SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27 Swedish Renewable Energies Association (source: Eurostat & Eurobserv’ER) 2006) Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

10. CURRENT TREND COMPARED WITH THE WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

11. WHY MODEST GROWTH RATES? • Environmental concerns - ecological impact & less economical than large hydro • Regulatory barriers • Administrative barriers • Lack of financial incentives and clear regulatory framework (developing countries) Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

12. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE & SHP • WFD sets an overall objective to achieve ‘good status’ for all waters by 2015. • Environment and sustainability are of crucial importance for SHP development: • Reserved flow to protect natural life in the river • Continuous research & innovations: fish pass-systems and fish-friendly turbines: infrared & eel • Multi-purpose schemes: electricity production combined with flood control, irrigation channels, waste water treatment and recreational use. Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

13. SMALL HYDROPOWER, WFD & RES DIRECTIVE • Small hydropower schemes are mainly run-of-river with little or no reservoir impoundment – a well designed SHP scheme can blend in with its surroundings. • SHP contributes to CO₂ emissions reduction: 1 GWh of electricity produced by SHP means a reduction of CO₂ emissions by 700 tonnes. • Important: The implementation of the WFD must not oppose the targets of the RES Framework Directive which is also an environmental Directive. Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

14. BALANCING THE TARGETS OF WFD AND RES FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE As a clean, efficient, emissions-free source of renewable energy, small hydropower’s contribution to security of supply, stability of energy prices and climate change mitigation is considerable. The future of small hydropower in the EU will partly depend on these two directives being transposed in a correctly balanced manner. Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

15. SHP POTENTIAL • In EU-27 up to 34 TWh/year (ESHA estimation) • Potential in upgrading and modernisation • On a global scale – huge possibilities with ETS and CDMs: SHP very suitable technology for rural electrification – cost-effective, creates jobs & wealth • New projects in particular in China, Japan, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines and Peru (also Turkey and Russia) Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

16. ESHA • Non-profit Organisation, founded 1989 • Headquarters in Renewable Energy House in Brussels • Members in mostly all EU countries and worldwide; industry, national associations, research community, individual members • Promotion of SHP, lobbying, projects & information dissemination Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 www.sero.se

17. THANK´S Swedish Renewable Energies Association FOR YOURKINDATTENTION