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www.data.gov ?

www.data.gov ?. open and link data. Governments, organisations , …. a Web of L inked O pen D ata. April 2008. September 2008. May 2007. One standard beats them all: RDF. March 2009. September 2010.

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www.data.gov ?

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  1. www.data.gov ? Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  2. open and link data Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. • Governments, organisations, …

  3. a Web of LinkedOpenData April 2008 September 2008 May 2007 • One standard beats them all: RDF March 2009 September 2010 Linking Open Data clouddiagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

  4. >25 billion RDF triples 203 data sets Interlinked by >395 million RDF links September 2010 Linking Open Data clouddiagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

  5. multilingual access to the web of dataThe ULiSproject Web of data ? Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  6. ILexicOn: An ECD-compliantinterlingual lexical ontology described with semantic web formalisms The core of the ULiS project: Maxime Lefrançois & Fabien Gandon Edelweiss – INRIA Sophia-Antipolis – France {Maxime.Lefrancois|Fabien.Gandon}@inria.fr • MTT 2011

  7. OUTLINE • The Semantic Web Formalisms • The ULiSproject: multilingualaccess to web of data • The ILexicOn : defining interlingual lexical units Proposal 1: An architecture thatunlocksmotivating scenarios Proposal 2: A formalway to representlexicographicdefinitions Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  8. 1. The Semantic Web Formalisms Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  9. One standard beats them all: RDF September 2010 Linking Open Data clouddiagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

  10. RDF Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. stands forResource:pages, images, ILUc, ...everything that can have a URIDescription:attributes, features, and relations of the resourcesFramework:model, languages and syntaxes for these descriptions

  11. W3C® Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  12. RDF Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. is a triple model i.e. every piece of knowledge is broken down into ( subject , predicate ,object )

  13. doc.html has for author Fabien and has for theme Music Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  14. ( doc.html , author ,Fabien )( doc.html , theme ,Music ) the RDF atom: a triple Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  15. Fabiendoc.html Music author theme RDF : a graph Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  16. http://inria.fr/~fabien#mehttp://inria.fr/rr/doc.html Music http://inria.fr/schema#author http://inria.fr/schema#theme • resources and properties • are identified by • URIs Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  17. RDF < /> has an XML syntax • <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:inria="http://inria.fr/schema#" > • <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html"> • <inria:author rdf:resource= "http://inria.fr/~fabien#me" /> • <inria:theme>Music</inria:theme> • </rdf:Description> • </rdf:RDF> Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  18. SPARQL: query / update SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  19. Example: persons at least 18-year old SPARQL: query / update PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>SELECT ?person ?nameWHERE {?personrdf:typeex:Person?personex:name?name . ?personex:age?age . FILTER (?age > 17)} Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  20. RDFS chema to declare classes of resources, properties, and organize their hierarchy Document creator author Document Person Report Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  21. OWL: Complexifymodels ▪ classes ▪ instances ▪ properties ! algebraic properties union restriction  1..1 disjunction cardinality  intersection equivalence complement enumeration disjoint properties value restrict. [>18] chained prop. ! qualified cardinality    1..1 disjoint union keys individual prop. neg … Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  22. Web of data ? 2. The ULiS project:Multilingual access to the web of data Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  23. Universal Networking Language • +RDF? A pivot-based NLP technique • +MTT? Web of data Interlanguage Convert Deconvert Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  24. The ULiSproject a UniversalLinguisticSystem Web of data Interlanguage Convert Deconvert Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  25. The ULiSproject a UniversalLinguisticSystem to redesign Pivot-based NLP technique 100% using ULiS Semantic Web formalisms Meaning-TextTheory compliantwith Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  26. 2.The ULiSproject Scenario Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  27. The ULiSproject - scenario - Machine Translation - - The RDF-World RDF interlingual representations IR RDF • John01 kill@past Mary01. • John01 kill@past Mary01. • John killed Mary • John01 tuer@past Mary01. • John01 tuer@past Mary01 • John a tué Mary RDFsituationalrepresentations • SREN RDF • SRFR RDF InputTEXT John killed Mary. Output1TEXT John a tué Mary. Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  28. The ULiSproject - scenario - Machine Translation - - The RDF-World RDF interlingual representations • John01 kill@past Mary01. • John01 kill@past Mary01. • John killed Mary • John01 tuer@past Mary01. • John01 tuer@past Mary01 • John a tué Mary RDFsituationalrepresentations John killed Mary. John a tué Mary. Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  29. The ULiSproject - scenario - Machine Translation - Management of Interlingual KnowledgeBases - The RDF-World IKBRDF IDBpedia X RDF ikb:John01 SPARQLRDF + X RDF • SELECT ?personWHERE {?person ikb:kill ikb:Mary01. } SPARQL Request RDF Output RDF interlingual representations IR RDF IR RDF • Whokill@past@? Mary01 • Whokill@past@? Mary01 • Whokilled Mary ? • John01 kill@past Mary01. • John01 kill@past Mary01. • John killed Mary RDFsituationalrepresentations SREN RDF SREN RDF InputTEXT Whokilled Mary? John killed Mary. Output2TEXT Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  30. The ULiSproject - scenario - Machine Translation - Management of Interlingual KnowledgeBases - The RDF-World IDBpedia ikb:John01 • SELECT ?personWHERE {?person ikb:kill ikb:Mary01. } SPARQL Request RDF Output RDF interlingual representations • John01 kill@past Mary01. • John01 kill@past Mary01. • John killed Mary • Whokill@past@? Mary01 • Whokill@past@? Mary01 • Whokilled Mary ? RDFsituationalrepresentations Whokilled Mary? John killed Mary. Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  31. The ULiSproject - scenario - Management of the UniversalLinguisticKnowledge base - Machine Translation - Management of Interlingual KnowledgeBases The RDF-World IKBRDF ULKRDF X RDF SPARQLRDF + X RDF SPARQL Request RDF Output RDF interlingual representations IR RDF IR RDF RDFsituationalrepresentations SRFR RDF SRFR RDF • SRFR RDF InputTEXT Output1TEXT Output2TEXT Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  32. 2.The ULiSproject Architecture Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  33. The ULiSproject - architecture Data Meta- Ontology Description of the Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary SemRs DSynRs SSynRs DMorphRs SMorphRs DPhonRs SPhonRs Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  34. The ULiSproject - architecture InterlingualKnowledgeBase • X RDF Data Meta- Ontology Description of the Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary SemRs DSynRs SSynRs DMorphRs SMorphRs DPhonRs SPhonRs Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  35. The ULiSproject - architecture InterlingualKnowledgeBase • X RDF INTERLINGUAL NOT INTERLINGUAL = SITUATIONAL • +RDF! Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  36. The ULiSproject - architecture InterlingualKnowledgeBase • X RDF ILexiMOn « Interlingual Lexical Meta-Ontology » ILexicOn pure interlingual features of the ECD • IRs RDF • SRs RDF DSynRs SSynRs • SLexicOn • Other features of the ECD DMorphRs SLexiMOn « SituationalLexical Meta-Ontology » SMorphRs DPhonRs SPhonRs Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  37. The ULiSproject - architecture • InterlingualKnowledgeBase • (ikb:isFrom,rdfs:range,ikb:Country) • (ikb:isFrom,rdfs:domain,ikb:Person) • X RDF • (ex:Maxime,ikb:isFrom,geo:France) ILexiMOn ileximon:ILexicalUnit ILexicOn ilexicon:Person • IRs RDF • ex:John01 • SRs RDF DSynRs SSynRs • SLexicOn • enlexicon:Person • eslexicon:Persona • frlexicon:Personne DMorphRs SLexiMOn sleximon:SLexicalUnit SMorphRs DPhonRs SPhonRs Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  38. The ULiSproject - architecture InterlingualKnowledgeBase • X RDF IKB = KB + anchors + transformation rules ILexiMOn « Interlingual Lexical Meta-Ontology » ILexicOn pure interlingual features of the ECD • IRs RDF • SRs RDF DSynRs SSynRs • SLexicOn • Other features of the ECD DMorphRs SLexiMOn « SituationalLexical Meta-Ontology » SMorphRs DPhonRs + Links + Transformation rules SPhonRs Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  39. The ULiSproject – Done/ To do ? InterlingualKnowledgeBase • X RDF IKB = KB + anchors + transformation rules ILexiMOn « Interlingual Lexical Meta-Ontology » ILexicOn pure interlingual features of the ECD • IRs RDF Formal lexicographic definitions of interlingual lexical units… • SRs RDF DSynRs • in RDF! SSynRs • SLexicOn • Other features of the ECD DMorphRs SLexiMOn « SituationalLexical Meta-Ontology » SMorphRs DPhonRs + Links + Transformation rules SPhonRs Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  40. 3. The ILexicOn:defining interlingual lexical units Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  41. With the Semantic Web formalisms, Wedesigned a simple ILexiMOn… Interlingual Lexical Units Classes may beformallydefined in the ILexicOn… …by supporting the projection of theirsemanticdecompositionon themselves Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  42. Threelayers owl:Class owl:ObjectProperty xsd:boolean OWL owl:intersectionOf owl:propertyChainAxiom is-a is-a owl:unionOf owl:hasSelf is-a subClassOf subClassOf :ISemanticRelation :ILexicalUnit :onISemanticRelation range is-a core-ILexiMOn layer domain subClassOf :allValuesFrom range domain :ILexicalPrimitive is-a :isObligatory domain range :Entity :hasEntity allValuesFrom onISemanticRelation :State true isObligatory :Person onISemanticRelation allValuesFrom ILexicOn layer A B class/instance A is an instance of B intersectionOf property A B :Alive A is a subClass of B B A p A B C Data-layer hasEntity :Mary01 :Alive01 A islinked to B throughproperty p A is the intersection of B and C Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  43. ILUcILUi • ILexicOn • IRs RDF Die:Die01 Die Person:Mary01 1.Person Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  44. Conceptual participants Rely on non-semanticfeatures SemA slots Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  45. Die< End< • Event Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  46. ConPinheritance • 1.Time • 1.Time Die< End< • Event Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  47. ConP partial inheritance • 1.Time Die < End • 1.Alive< 1. • State 1.Person • 1.Person< 1. Entity Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  48. ? ConP composition • 1.Time hasTime Die Die < End • NamedConP slots • (an infinitenumber of) specializedsemantic relations hasState • 1.Alive hasDead ? hasEntity = 1.Person • 1.Person Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  49. ConP composition • 1.Time hasTime hasState/ hasEntity Die hasState hasDead • 1.Alive is equivalent to: hasDead (hasState/hasEntity)<hasDead ? hasEntity = 1.Person • 1.Person Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

  50. Kill<Cause<Event Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

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