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Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorders. Deirdre Moore May 11, 2007. Objectives:. Discuss and describe Autism Spectrum Disorders Explore causation theories Learn successful treatment interventions. Autism Speaks. http://www.autismspeaks.com/whatisit/video.php. Autism Spectrum Disorders.

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Autism Spectrum Disorders

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  1. Autism Spectrum Disorders Deirdre Moore May 11, 2007

  2. Objectives: • Discuss and describe Autism Spectrum Disorders • Explore causation theories • Learn successful treatment interventions

  3. Autism Speaks • http://www.autismspeaks.com/whatisit/video.php

  4. Autism Spectrum Disorders • Autistic Disorder • Rett’s Disorder • Childhood Disintegrative Disorder • Asperger’s Disorder • Pervasive Developmental Disorder NOS

  5. Autistic Disorder • Delays or abnormal functioning in • Social interaction • Language used for communication • Symbolic or imaginative play • No period of normal development past age 3 • Not better accounted for by Rett’s or CDD

  6. Rett’s Disorder • Before age 4 (usually age 1 or 2): • Apparent normal pre and perinatal development • Apparent normal psychomotor development in first 5 months • Normal head circumference at birth

  7. Rett’s Disorder • After a period of normal development: • Head growth slows • Loss of previously learned hand skills • Loss of social engagement • Poorly coordinated gait • Expressive/receptive language development impaired

  8. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder • Age-appropriate development for at least 2 yrs after birth • Significant loss of acquired skills in 2 of 5: • Expressive/receptive language • Social skills • Bowel/bladder control • Play • Motor skills

  9. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder • Abnormal functioning in 2 of 3: • Social interaction • Communication • Restrictive/repetitive patterns of behavior • Not better accounted for by another ASD or Schizophrenia

  10. Asperger’s Disorder • No delay in cognitive development • No significant delay in language development • Social problems do not manifest until day care age

  11. Autism Spectrum Disorders: Associated Features • Mental retardation • Behavioral symptoms • Seizure disorder • Special skills

  12. Causation Theories • Abnormalities in brain structure & function • Genetics & heredity • Problems during pregnancy • Environmental factors • Vaccines

  13. Intervention & Therapy • Applied behavior analysis (ABA) • Early instruction (in home or child care center) • School-based • “Circle of Friends” intervention • Inclusion programs • Work training & life skills

  14. Intervention & Therapy • Dietary interventions • Vitamin insufficiency • Gluten-free diets • Medication • SSRI’s • Antipsychotics • Stimulants

  15. References • Autism Society of America. www.autism-society.org/site/PageServer?pagename=about_whatis_PDD. Accessed May 4, 2007. • Autism Speaks. http://www.autismspeaks.com/whatisit/video.php. Accessed May 9, 2007 • Cornish, E. (2002). Gluten and casein free diets in autism: a study of the effects on food choice and nutrition. Journal of Human Nutrition Dietet, 15, 261-269. • Kalyva, E. & Avramidis, E. (2005) Improving communication between children with autism and their peers through the ‘circle of friends’: a small-scale intervention study. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18, 253-261. • National Institutes of Mental Health. www.nimh.gov/pulicat/autism.cfm. Accessed May 4, 2007 • Ratey, J. (2001). A User’s Guide to the Brain. Vintage Books: New York.

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