Medical Terminology: A Programmed Approach Paula Bostwick and Heidi Weber

1. Medical Terminology:A Programmed Approach Paula Bostwick and Heidi Weber Chapter 17: The Reproductive Systems

2. Learning Outcomes • Recognize the parts of the male reproductive system and discuss the function of each part. • Recall the major word parts used in building words that relate to the male reproductive system. • Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the male reproductive system. • Define the major pathological conditions of the male reproductive system.

3. Learning Outcomes (cont.) • Recall the meaning of surgical terms related to the male reproductive system. • Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the male reproductive system. • Recognize the parts of the female reproductive system and discuss the function of each part.

4. Learning Outcomes (cont.) • Recall the major word parts used in building words that relate to the female reproductive system. • Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the female reproductive system. • Define the major pathological conditions of the female reproductive system. • Recall the meaning of surgical terms related to the female reproductive system. • Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the female reproductive system.

5. Major Parts - Male • Male organs produce, maintain, and transport sperm (male sex cells)along with seminal fluid • Secrete male hormones

6. Male Reproductive

7. Building Vocabulary • andr(o) men • balan(o) glans penis • epididym(o) epididymis • orch(o), orchi(o), testes orchid(o)

8. Building Vocabulary • prostat(o) prostate gland • scrot(o) scrotum • semin(o) semen • sperm(o), sperm spermat(o) • vas(o) vessel; ductus deferens

9. Spermatogenesis

10. Spermatogenesis Maturation

11. Male Hormones • Testosterone • FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) • LH • Inhibin

12. Prostatitis • Prostat(o) = prostate + itis = inflammation • Generic term for any prostate inflammation • Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) • non-cancerous enlargement • Middle age males

13. Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab Tests • Physical Examination • Prostate cancer most common male cancer • Prostatitis = enlarged, either benign or malignant • Biopsy to evaluate • Undiagnosed leads to later stages = lower survival rate

14. Prostate Cancer

15. Pathological Terms • Some conditions due to male anatomy, condition of organs, and reproductive abnormalities at birth • Cryptorchidism - crypt(o)hidden + orchidism testicle • Testicle does not descend into scrotum before birth. (Pre-mies most often affected)

16. Surgical Terms • Circumcision • Removal of foreskin, covering the tip of the penis • Benefits / Risks • American Academy of Pediatrics

17. Circumcision Uncircumcised Circumcised

18. Vasectomy

19. Pharmacological Terms • Hormone replacement therapy • Help resolve sexual problems and signs of aging • Impotence • Erectile dysfunction- Surgical or mechanical devices • Benign hypertrophic prostatitis • Treatment and medications • Manageable with treatment and check-ups

20. Treatment / Prostatitis • Surgical removal, radiation, drugs, microwaves, balloon dilation, tumor frozen, stent placement

21. Function / Structure • Female Reproductive System • Responsible for providing optimal place for fertilization and growth of another human being until birth and providing important hormones. • Main organs include: ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, cervix, vagina, labia, and clitoris • gynec(o) = women + -ology = study • Gynecology the study of the female systems • Obstetrics = pregnant women

22. Female System

23. External Female Genitalia

24. Building Vocabulary • amni(o) amnion • cervic(o) cervix • colp(o) vagina • episi(o) vulva • galact(o) milk

25. Building Vocabulary • gynec(o) female • hyster(o) uterus • lact(o), lacti milk • mamm(o) breast • mast(o) breast

26. Building Vocabulary • men(o) menstruation • metr(o) uterus • oo egg • oophor(o) ovary • ov(i), ov(o) egg • ovari(o) ovary

27. Building Vocabulary • perine(o) perineum • salping(o) fallopian tube • uter(o) uterus • vagin(o) vagina • vulv(o) vulva

28. Related Hormones • Hormones and Cycles • Menstrual cycle • Every 28 days – shedding of uterine lining – menese (menorrhea) • Hormones regulate cycle and female cycle

29. Female Cycle

30. Major Hormones • Estrogen – sex charactristics • Progesterone- mammary ducts • Prolactic- lactation • Oxytocin- labor • FSH- oocyte maturation • HCH- estrogen / progesterone

31. Birth Control Methods / Stats • None 85% • Condom • 2-12%, • Condom and Spermicide • 2-5% • Diaphragm • 6-18% • Cervical cap • 6-18% • Sponge, gel, foam 3-21% • Pills • 3%

32. Birth Control Methods / Stats • Mini-pill • 5% • Depo-Provera .3% • rhythm method 20% • Withdrawal • 4-18% • Vasectomy • .15% • Tubal ligation • .4% • Intrauterine devices • 3%

33. Birth Control Devices

34. Pregnancy / Menopause • Pregnancy = three trimesters (40 weeks) • Conception = oocyte + spermocyte unite • Childbearing age span = 13 to 45 years

35. 35 Did you know? • Every pregnancy is different for a mother • First pregnancy may have been uneventful with following pregnancies opposite • Cravings for certain foods • Not all women experience cravings

36. Perimenopause • peri=around + menopause = stop childbearing • Transition period between ending childbearing age and full onset of menopause • Occurs between ages 35 to 50 • Similar to menopause in symptoms

37. Menopause • Occurs after childbearing years 45-55 • Hormones decline • Irregular menses – periods stop • Different for each woman • Related and dependent on hereditary factors

38. Menopause Symptoms • Irregular periods • Decreased fertility • Hot flashes • Sleep disturbances • Night sweats • Mood swings • Increased abdominal fat • Thinning hair • Vaginal dryness • Loss of breast fullness

39. Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab Tests • Specialty for Female system • Gynecology most utilized testing specialties • Gynecologists = Primary physician • Obstetrics / Obstetricians

40. Mammogram

41. Pathological Terms • Pathology very important due to many potential concerns and number of patients affected • Dependent childbearing state, age, and pre-existing conditions • Sexually transmitted, structural, or a pregnancy most women are diagnosed

42. Surgical Terms • Hysterectomy • Post-operative pain • Laparoscopic hysterectomy • Vaginal hysterectomy

43. Hysterectomy

44. Programmed Review • amniocentesis • culdocentesis • laparoscopy • cryosurgery • cauterization • conization • aspiration • hysterectomy

45. Pharmacological Terms • Medications and prescriptions written from a gynecology practice usually revolve around the female cycle, sexual activity, conception/prevention, and drugs to induce and ease the pain of labor.

46. Chapter Review • Recognize the parts of the male reproductive system and discuss the function of each part. • Recall the major word parts used in building words that relate to the male reproductive system. • Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the male reproductive system. • Define the major pathological conditions of the male reproductive system.