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The Origins of Progressivism

The Origins of Progressivism. Chapter 17 Section 1. I Four Goals of Progressivism. Questioning of the role of big co. & political reformers formed the progressive movement

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The Origins of Progressivism

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  1. The Origins of Progressivism Chapter 17 Section 1

  2. I Four Goals of Progressivism • Questioning of the role of big co. & political reformers formed the progressive movement • Progressive Movement= aimed to return control of gov’t to the ppl, restore econ. Opp., & correct injustices caused by industrialization

  3. A. Protecting Social Welfare • Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) opened lib, had classes, built pools • Salvation Army fed the poor, opened nurseries • “slum brigades” tried toconvert poor immigrants to middle class vaues of hard work and temperance • Passage of Illinois Factory Reform Act= banned child labor & limited women’s working hrs.

  4. B. Promoting Moral Reform • Some believe morality would help improve lives of the poor • Prohibition= the banning of alcoholic beverages • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) campaigned to end selling of alcohol • This expanded women’s public roles • Sometimes led to tensions w/ im. Groups who's culture & traditions often included consumption of alcohol

  5. C. Creating Economic Reform • Economic panic led to questioning of capitalism system • Writer Edward Bellamy criticized lassaiz-faire theory by claiming “brutal cowardly slaughter of the unarmed and overmatched by bullies in armor” • Some embraced socialism • Even those who were not socialist heard some truth in their message • Muckrakers= journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business in mass circ. mags

  6. D. Fostering Efficiency • scientific management= the effort to improve efficiency in work place by applying scientific principles to make tasks simpler & easier • Workers become more productive • Ford enhances efficiency w/ assembly line • Increase workload & pace leads to injuries & exhaustion • Lowered work day 7 paid higher wages to keep workers happy • Applying efficiency also applied to gov’t

  7. II Cleaning of Government • The corruption of city politics & the distrust of immigrants lead to reform efforts

  8. A. Reforming Local Government • Galveston Texas eplaces city council with commission • Council-managemer government= ppl elected city council to make laws who then appoint a manager to run city’s departments

  9. B. Reform Mayors • Pingree instituted fairer tax structure, lowered public trans. Fare, & built schools • Johnson (socialist) believed ppl should play active role • Held meetings in large circus tents and invited citizens to question politicians

  10. III Reform at the State Level • Gov. La Follette was progressive republican who eventually becamse senator • Inteded to drive big business out of politics • RR was his main target • Taxed RR property same as other business prop, regulated rates, forbade free RR passes to state officials

  11. B. Protecting Workers • Omost important efforts of reform movement=ending child labor • Hired children because business could pay them lower than adults • Children developed medical issues due to dangerous working conditions • Keatin-owen Act prohibited trans. Of goods produced with child labor across state lines • Sup. Ct. declared unconstitutional because it interfered with interstate commerce

  12. C. Reforming Elections • Began to use the Secret ballot AKA Australian Ballot • Initiative & referendums give citizens ability to make law • Initiative= a bill originated by the ppl rather than lawmakers • Ppl petition for an initiative to be put on ballot • Referendum= a vote on the initiative • The ppl vote to accept or reject the initiative

  13. Recall allows voters to remove public official before the end of their term • Force another election if enough voters ask for it • Direct primary means voters, not political machines, would chose candidates for public office through pop. election

  14. D. Direct Election of Senators • Before 1913 state legislatures chose senators • Power in hands of party bosses and wealthy co. • Progressives push for pop election of senators • Try to force them to be responsive to public • 17th amendment makes the direct election of senators the law of the land • Progressive era drew a large amount of women into public life & new attention to issue of women suffrage

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