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Cell Biology

Cell Biology. Chapter Seven: Cell Structure and Function. 7.1 What Are Cells? 7.2 Cells- A Look Inside. 7.2 Cells: A Look Inside. A cookie factory is like a cell. An analogy is a way of explaining something complicated using an easier example.

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Cell Biology

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  1. Cell Biology

  2. Chapter Seven: Cell Structure and Function • 7.1 What Are Cells? • 7.2 Cells- A Look Inside

  3. 7.2 Cells: A Look Inside • A cookie factory is like a cell. • An analogyis a way of explaining something complicated using an easier example. • A cookie factory is a good analogy for understanding all the cell parts and their functions.

  4. 7.2 Comparing cells to a factory • Every cell part has a job or function. • This chart shows how a cell is like a cookie factory

  5. 7.2 The cell membrane and nucleus • To make cell parts visible under a microscope, you can apply a stain to the cells. • Methylene blue is a stain often used to look at animal cells.

  6. 7.2 The cell membrane and nucleus • The cell membrane is a thin layer that separates the inside of the cell from its outside environment. • It keeps the cytoplasm inside while letting waste products out. What is stained darker blue in each cell?

  7. 7.2 The cell membrane and nucleus • The nucleus is covered with a membrane that allows materials to pass in and out. • It’s often called the “control center” of the cell because it contains DNA. The nucleolusacts as a storage area for materials.

  8. 7.2 Organelles and their functions • Mitochondriaare called the “powerhouses” of cells. • They produce much of the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions.

  9. 7.2 Organelles and their functions • A vacuoleis the storage area of the cell. • Vacuoles store water, food, and waste.

  10. 7.2 Organelles and their functions • The endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm. • They transport proteins from one part of the cell to another.

  11. 7.2 Organelles and their functions • Ribosomesare the protein factories of the cell. • When ribosomes make proteins, they release them into the ER.

  12. 7.2 Organelles and their functions • Golgi bodiesreceive proteins and other compounds from the ER. • They package these materials and distribute them to other parts of the cell.

  13. 7.2 Organelles and their functions • Lysosomescontain enzymes that can break things down. • Lysosomes pick up bacteria, food, and old organelles and break them into small pieces that can be reused.

  14. 7.2 Organelles and their functions • The cytoskeletonis a series of fibers made from proteins. • It provides structure to the cell and gives it its shape.

  15. 7.2 How plant cells are different • Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. A chloroplast is an organelle that contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

  16. 7.2 How plant cells are different • Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores cell sap.

  17. 7.2 How plant cells are different • Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. Cell walls provide structure and support for the plant.

  18. Investigation 7B Animal and Plant Cells • What are the differences between animal and plant cells?

  19. Medicine Connection Organ Transplants • Modern medicine is able to transplant many organs. • A variety of cells can attack the new tissues if they don’t “match”. • This causes most transplants to fail.

  20. Activity Build a Scale Model of a Cell • It is not always clear how the size of the cell is related to the parts inside. • In this activity, you will explore the relationship of cell size to organelle size by creating a scale model.

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