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The AMS Transition Radiation Detector and the Search for Dark Matter

The AMS Transition Radiation Detector and the Search for Dark Matter. Gianpaolo Carosi Lab for Nuclear Science, MIT The AMS Collaboration Lake Louise Winter Institute 2/23/05. Outline. Signatures of dark matter in cosmic rays Overview of the AMS-02 detector

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The AMS Transition Radiation Detector and the Search for Dark Matter

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  1. The AMS Transition Radiation Detector and the Search for Dark Matter Gianpaolo Carosi Lab for Nuclear Science, MIT The AMS Collaboration Lake Louise Winter Institute 2/23/05

  2. Outline • Signatures of dark matter in cosmic rays • Overview of the AMS-02 detector • Principles of Transition Radiation • Construction of the AMS TRD system • Physics reach of AMS-02 detector with the TRD

  3. The Problem of Dark Matter • What is it? -Matter which appears to not interact electromagnetically. -Observed from gravitational interactions only! Galactic Rotation Curves v1 v2 R1 v1 R2 v2 R1 R2

  4. SUSY Dark Matter • Neutralino – majorana particles Direct searches: Scattering off nuclei Indirect searches: Look for annihilation products. Positrons: low intrinsic background Energy correlated to WIMP mass HEAT Balloon Experiment X 0 e+ ve _ ve X 0 e-

  5. AMS-02 experiment • Constraints: • 9 g at takeoff/landing. • Weight < 14809 lbs • Power = 3 kW • Temperature: -40˚- +65˚ C • Date rate = 2 Mb/sec • 3 year remote operation without servicing ISS Operational Experience AMS-01 engineering test flight 10 days: ~ 100 Million events

  6. The Experiment TRD: p+ rejection 102-103 ECAL: p+ rejection 103-104

  7. Principle of Transition Radiation • High energy charged particles crossing boundary between • materials of different dielectric constants gives off X-rays. • Detection possible with Lorentz boosts > 300. • Discriminate e+ (TR) / p+ (no TR) • AMS TRD: Proportion tubes and fleece radiator

  8. Construction of AMS TRD TRD Octagon/straw tubes RWTH Aachen TRD Gas Supply/Circulation System MIT – Design CERN & MIT - Construction TRD Slow Control System MIT & INFN Rome TRD DAQ TH Karlsruhe

  9. Detector Volume Distribution System Supply/Mixing System Circulation System 50 liter/hr DAQ Electronics Slow Control and Monitoring

  10. Extensive Testing Vibration Tests Thermal Vacuum Tests Leak Tests

  11. 328 Modules (5248 straw tubes) Lengths: 0.8 – 2.0 m and 100 μm tolerance Straw tube walls

  12. Carbon Fiber Structure Aachen

  13. 328 straw modules have been produced: Aachen

  14. Gas System: Box S Engineering model: CERN Flight system: ARDE Corp. • Mix Gas: Xe:CO2 80:20 (to 1% accuracy) • Refresh Supply Daily: max 7 liter/day Xe 49.5 kg CO2 4.5 kg

  15. Gas System:Box C • Circulate Gas: 50 liter/hr through Octagon • Monitor gas gain: Calibration tubes coated with Fe55 Spirometer: Measures CO2 fraction

  16. TRD Gas Slow Control/Monitoring

  17. TRD DAQ TRD FE-electronics: 20 Watt for 5248 channels => multiplexed pulse height only

  18. 20 layer TRD detector in the test beam at CERN in 2000 • we have recorded 3 million events providing signals for protons, electrons,muons and pions at energies from 5-250 GeV

  19. Physics Reach HEAT experiment(experimental data + DM model) AMS-02 experiment(simulated data + DM model) TRD + ECAL Paolo Maestro: SIENA

  20. Summary AMS on the ISS: 2008 AMS TRD currently under construction Beam tests: achieve 102-103 p+ rejection to 300 GeV Combined with ECAL will obtain precise e+ spectrum

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