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电 大 英 语（ I ） （第 七 讲）

电 大 英 语（ I ） （第 七 讲）. UNIT TEN UNIT ELEVEN. UNIT TEN. I. Grammatical Structures; II. New Words and Expressions ; III. Language Points and Difficult Sentences; XI. Functional Practice; V. Some Exercises. 一般过去时 ( The Past Simple Tense ) 倒装句 （ So + be / do + 主语 ）.

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电 大 英 语（ I ） （第 七 讲）

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  1. 电 大 英 语（I） （第 七 讲） UNIT TEN UNIT ELEVEN

  2. UNIT TEN I. Grammatical Structures; II. New Words and Expressions; III. Language Points and Difficult Sentences; XI. Functional Practice; V. Some Exercises.

  3. 一般过去时 ( The Past Simple Tense ) 倒装句 （ So + be / do + 主语 ）

  4. Grammar 一般过去时 用法：表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示 过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与yesterday, last year, in 1965, a moment ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。 e.g. I got up at five yesterday, but I didn’t get up so early this morning. Did he watch TV last night? I was in Grade One last year. 构成：动词用 过去式 否定、疑问句的构成： 若句中有 be动词或情态动词，则在其后加 not 或将其调至主语前。若句中只有行为动词，则要用助动词 did来帮忙。

  5. Grammar 规则动词过去式的构成 1、一般情况下，加 -ed。 ask -- asked help -- helped watch -- watched 2、结尾是“e”的词，加 -d。 dance -- danced love -- loved live -- lived 3、重读闭音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写 这个辅音字母，再加 -ed。 stop -- stopped drop -- dropped beg -- begged 4、以辅音字母加 y结尾的词，改 y为 i，再加 -ed。 carry -- carried study -- studied hurry -- hurried

  6. Grammar 过去式加 -ed 的读音 1、在清辅音后，读清辅音 / t /。 worked / kt / helped / pt / passed / st / washed/ t /watched/ t t / 2、在浊辅音和元音后，读浊辅音 / d /。 played / eid / carried / id / answered / d / lived / vd / used / zd / called / ld / 3、在 / t, d /音后面, 读 / id /。 wanted / tid / needed / did /

  7. Grammar 不规则动词的过去式 am, is -- was are -- were do -- did go -- went have -- had see -- saw can -- could may -- might dig -- dug eat -- ate find -- found make -- made hear -- heard run -- ran take -- took hold -- held speak -- spoke leave -- left keep -- kept sleep -- slept sweep -- swept tell -- told sell -- sold begin -- began sing -- sang sit -- sat swim -- swam ring -- rang give -- gave bring -- brought buy -- bought think -- thought teach -- taught catch -- caught come -- came become -- became grow -- grew know -- knew throw -- threw blow -- blew write -- wrote drive -- drove ride -- rode get -- got forget -- forgot lend -- lent send -- sent spend -- spent say -- said */sed/ pay -- paid stand -- stood understand -- understood let -- let put -- put cut -- cut read -- read*

  8. Grammar “ So + be / do + 主语 ” 句型 倒装句在英语中使用得很广泛，其构成如下： 将谓语动词或谓语的一部分，如助动词等移至主语的前面。 为了避免语言的重复，可以使用这种结构。 eg. He has supper at seven o’clock, and so do I. She is French, and so am I. They were late, and so were we. He went to India last year, and so did she.

  9. 语法练习 写出下列动词的过去式： go think be happen give become get rain tour stay pass answer run borrow grow watch write smile open begin swim carry study finish use live wake keep say clean buy play learn see read stop

  10. 用括号里动词的适当形式填空。 1. He __________ (read) that book last week. 2. Last night he ___________ (arrive) just in time for the show. 3. Mary ___________ (marry) Thomas yesterday. 4. Tom ___________ (show) us where to sit at the meeting yesterday. 5. Last summer we ___________ (visit) Uncle Jack. 6. It ___________ (rain) almost every day last month. 7. John _______ (like) to play piano when he was in secondary school. 8. Betty ___________ (work) hard all last year. 9. We ___________ (change) the color of our uniforms last Christmas. 10. Last year Frances ___________ (buy) her mother a pretty watch for her birthday. 语法练习 read arrived married showed visited rained liked worked changed bought

  11. 语法练习 用括号内动词的正确形式填空： 1. We __________ (go) to school at half past six every morning. 2. Where __________ (be) Wu Dong? I ______________ (not know). He __________ (be) here five minutes ago. 3. The speaker _______________ (not give) us the talk the day after tomorrow. 4. ________ you ________ (do) morning exercises every day? 5. John ________________ (watch) the basketball match this Sunday. 6. _______ you _________ (speak) at the meeting next Saturday? 8. It _______ (be) Sunday yesterday. My parents and I ________ (be ) in the park. We ________ (have) a good time there. 9. _____ the artist ________ (bring) out his brush and _________ (begin) to draw the horse at once? 10. Kate ________________ (not like) playing table tennis. go don’t know is was won’t give Do do will watch Will speak were was had Did bring begin doesn’t like

  12. 语法练习 didn’t watch 11. They _________________ (not watch) TV just now. 12. They _____________ (carry) water for Grandpa Liu three days ago. 13. Mike and Jack ______________ (make) the model plane last month. 14. _______ your friends ________ (have) a good time in the park that day? 15. My father ______________ (go) to Beijing a week ago. 16. ________ Mary __________ (study) at the No. 1 Middle School the year before last? 17. His parents _____________ (not go) out for a walk after supper yesterday. 18. Where ___________ (be) Mei Fang last night? carried made Did have went Did study didn’t go was

  13. 语法练习 根据要求改写下列句子。 1. They had a meeting yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) 2. Mrs Black does some cleaning every Sunday. (改为一般疑问句) 3. I’m going to turn on the radio. (改为否定句) 4. There were no classes last Saturday afternoon. (改为反意疑问句) 5. Those students did their best. (改为否定句) 6. It was November 10th the day before yesterday.（向划线部分提问） 7. My brother went to Shanghai three days ago.（向划线部分提问） 8. They are going to visit the Summer Palace.（向划线部分提问） Did they have a meeting yesterday? Does Mrs Black do some cleaning every Sunday? I’m not going to turn on the radio. There were no classes last Saturday afternoon, were there? Those students didn’t do their best. What was the date the day before yesterday? When did your brother go to Shanghai? What are they going to do?

  14. 语法练习 仿照示例，把下列各句变成否定句。 Patty /eat/ something this morning. --- Patty didn’t eat anything this morning. 1. John /fly/ to New York last week. 2. Rita /go/ to the beach to swim last Monday. 3. Helen /take/ her dog out last night. 4. Mr Taylor /park/ his car in the carpark yesterday. 5. The moon /shine/ last night. 6. Mrs White /buy/ something from the market this morning. 7. My father /watch/ television last night. 8. I /meet/ some friends at the library yesterday afternoon. John didn’t fly to New York last week. Rita didn’t go to the beach to swim last Monday. Helen didn’t take her dog out last night. Mr Taylor didn’t park his car in the carpark yesterday. The moon didn’t shine last night. Mrs White didn’t buy anything from the market this morning. My father didn’t watch television last night. I didn’t meet any friends at the library yesterday afternoon.

  15. 语法练习 仿照示例，把下列各句变成疑问句，然后做出简略回答。 He came by ferry. (yes) --- Did he come by ferry? Yes, he did. 1. Walter enjoyed himself at your party. (yes) 2. The cat died last night. (no) 3. Peter drew a large dog on the blackboard. (yes) 5. Miss Yao gave a speech to her students yesterday. (no) 6. Anna bought her mother a pair of new shoes yesterday. (yes) 7. Peter finished his work early yesterday. (yes) 8. Jim’s father gave Jim twenty dollars. (no) 9. Judy studied hard before the exams. (no) 10. Susan gave the beggar some food. (yes) Did Walter enjoy himself at your party? Yes, he did. Did the cat die last night? No, it didn’t. Did Peter draw a large dog on the blackboard? Yes, he did. Did Miss Yao give a speech to her students yesterday? No, she didn’t. Did Anna buy her mother a pair of new shoes yesterday? Yes, she did. Did Peter finish his work early yesterday? Yes, he did. Did Jim’s father give Jim twenty dollars? No, he didn’t. Did Judy study hard before the exams? No, she didn’t. Did Susan give the beggar any food? Yes, she did.

  16. 用括号内所给动词的一般过去时填空： I _____ (have) a good day at work today. The meeting ________ (go) well this morning. Bob ___________ (not be) there. He ___________ (oversleep) because he _________ (not hear) the alarm. Lunch _____ (be) terrible. We _____ (try) the new French restaurant in the town center. The food ______ (taste) awful. This afternoon I ________ (phone) Bill in America. He _______ (tell) me we’ve got a new contract there. It _____ (be) an awful drive home. The traffic _____ (be) terrible. 语法练习 had went was not overslept didn’t hear was tried tasted phoned told was was

  17. Words and Expressions 1. at home 在家 stay at home at work ( 人) 在工作； （机器）在运转 2. spend v. 度过；花费（钱财或时间） eg. Where did you spend your holiday ？ He spent 500 yuan on a new coat. * to spend … ( in ) doing… 干……花费…… eg. She spent two hours ( in ) talking to him.

  18. Words and Expressions 3. lie v. 躺，说谎 eg. He is lying on his bed. Xiao Wang never lies to anybody. Note: lie (躺） lay, lain (过去式） lie ( 说谎 ) lied, lied (过去式） 4. turn v. 旋转，转动 eg. The wheel turned slowly. * to turn out 证明（是），结果（是） eg. What he said turned out to be right. * to turn off 关掉 to turn on 打开 eg. Turn off the light. / Turn on the radio.

  19. language points 1. Where were you on the night of 17th August ? 注意日期的读法： 英国： the seventeenth of August 美国： August ( the ) seventeenth 2. And you were not at home, as you say. * as you say 如你所说 3. Well, we thought… 我们原以为… ( think 用作过去式时， 可译为“ 原以为 ”)

  20. language points 4. You said your husband became ill. 有些动词可以作系动词用： become, feel, look, get, turn eg. It’s getting cold. When he’s angry, his face turns red.

  21. Programme I: Asking questions to check facts( 使用过去时 ): Where were you last night ? When did you go to that place ? What did you see ? Who did you speak to ?

  22. Programme II: Describing an illness: ----What’s the matter ? / the problem ? What’s the trouble ?/ wrong with you ? ----I’ve got a cough. ---- How do you feel ? ---- I feel terrible.

  23. UNIT ELEVEN I. Grammatical Structures; II. New Words and Expressions; III. Language Points and Difficult Sentences; XI. Functional Practice; V. Some Exercises.

  24. Past Simple Tense of Irregular Verbs （不规则动词的过去式） Indefinite Pronouns ( 2 ) （不定代词）

  25. Grammar 复合不定代词的构成 * no one 为两个词。 由body, one 构成的复合不定代词表示人： 由thing 构成的复合不定代词表示物。

  26. Grammar 用法： 1. 由 every 构成的复合不定代词都含有概括的意思，表示“一 切人”和“一切事物” ： eg. Everybody should do his best to serve the people. Everything is ready. 2. Someone, somebody,something一般用于肯定句： anybody, anyone, anything 一般用于否定句和疑问句： eg. There’s somebody in the room. There isn’t anyone in the room. He found something under his bed. Did he find anything under his bed ?

  27. Grammar 3. Somebody, someone, something 有时也用在疑问句种， 含有 肯定的意思。 eg. Did somebody ( someone ) telephone me ? Why didn’t you write something ? 4. Anybody, anyone, anything 也可以用在肯定句中，表 示“任何人”， “任何东西”。 eg. Anybody can do that well. You can take anything here.

  28. Grammar 5. 复合不定代词可以由形容词修饰作定语，但必须放在不定 代词的后面。 eg. They want to do something special today. I hope there’s nothing wrong with her. Is there anything serious ? Somebody else will join us. We need someone practical.

  29. Words and Expressions 1. continue v. 继续 continue to do sth. eg. I will continue to study English. 2. busy a. 忙碌的 * be busy with 忙于 eg. He is busy with some important work. * be busy ( in ) doing sth. eg. Mother is busy ( in ) writing a letter.

  30. Words and Expressions 3. taste v. 品尝 eg. I always taste a dish before it is ready. 4. Traffic n. 交通 traffic accident 交通事故 5. Surprise v. 使惊奇 to one’s surprise 令人惊奇的 eg. To my surprise, I found my son spoke English well.

  31. language points 1. I helped my Dad mend the car… * help sb ( to ) do sth help sb. with sth 帮某人做某事 eg. Will you please help me ( to ) cook the supper ? Will you please help me with the supper ? 2. --- Are you a mechanic ？ --- Not really. 说不上。（一种委婉的说法） 3. The meeting went well this morning. “went” 进行 = process

  32. Programme I: Interviewing people about the past: What did you do at the weekend ？ Where did you go on Sunday ? Who did you visit last week ? How much did you spend ? What happened ?

  33. Programme II: Showing you are listening: Good. Oh, dear ! That’s great ! How awful ! Did you? Never mind.

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