Exam 1 Study Guide

1. Exam 1 Study Guide Elements Baroque Review Questions Log Check Genre Check Exam 1 format & procedure Note that this study guide might be revised up until one week before the exam.

2. Elements Review • Term banks appear inPart I: Ch 1, 2Part I: Ch 5, 6, 7Part III: Ch 3, 10 • Know definitions and sounds that terms create (e.g., “pizzicato”, a plucked string, creates a sound quite unlike that of a bowed string. Terms are on next slide. • Know sounds of all producers listed on the next slide.

3. Chapter 2: Performing MediaKnow all of the following by sight and sound. Voicessopranoaltotenorbass Keyboardpianoharpsichordorgan Electronicsynthesizer Terms mute pizzicato reed mouthpiece vibrato Very important helps: Connect KamienMcGraw-Hill web siteYouTube Gems Brasstrumpethorntrombonetuba Percussiontimpanixylophonesnare drum Stringsviolinviolacellobassharp Woodwindsrecorderfluteoboeclarinetsaxophonebassoon

4. Elements Review • Name the dynamic levels we will use this semester. • What is a melodic contour? • What is a theme? • Harmony: Generally, ________ resolves to ________. • Explain the most basic differences between monophony, polyphony, and homophony. • ________ imparts music’s characteristic rhythmic “feel.” • The position of a note head in, above, or below the staff communicates the sound’s ________. • Forms in music balance _________ and _________. • The feeling for key or tonality requires that a central tone, “DO,” be supported by appropriate ________ and ________.

5. Baroque Review 1. What is a basso continuo? What instruments might perform in a basso continuo? chording: _______, _______, _______ bass: _______, _______, _______ Name a genre that uses it. What is its function? (One word will do!) 2. In OPERA describe the role of: recitative aria Can you hear the difference between the opening recitative and the aria that follows in “Dido’s Lament”?

6. Review 3. In opera, why is homophony favored over polyphony? 4. What role did Monteverdi give the opera orchestra? How did he accomplish his goals for the orchestra? 5. Explain how opera manifests the Baroque culture’s love of combining elements. 6. Give some examples that illustrate the Baroque culture’s penchant for decorating “things.” 7. What does “baroque” mean? 8. Describe the following forms and explain how unity and contrast are projected in each: ritornello fugue AABB (often called binary form; common to dances)

7. Baroque Review 9. Describe the orchestra in the Baroque era. Which instrument family was most highly developed? 10. Who is Antonio Stradivari, and what was his life’s work? 11. What is an “absolute monarch”? 12. Who is Louis XIV? Cite some aspects of his “summer home” that reflect baroque interests, tastes, needs, etc. 13. Describe a typical court musician’s life. 14. What is the Camerata? What genre did its members bring about? 15. What is the difference between text (word) painting and text expression?

8. Baroque Review • Renaissance (16thC) complex polyphony gives way to early Baroque (17thC) ___________. What genre caused that change, and why did it do so? • Cite three important differences between the lives and music of Bach and Handel. • How do cantatas fit into the Lutheran worship service? • In what ways are opera and oratorio similar? Cite three VIMP differences between the genres.

9. Baroque Review 21. Describe each of the popular Baroque Era genres: opera concerto cantata fugue oratorio suite (dance suite) chorale chorale prelude • 22. Some terms from Baroque unit: ritornello aria subject recitative episode ensemble concerto grosso overture solo concerto basso continuo cadenza libretto French Overture tutti strophic

10. Baroque Listening Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, mvt. 1 Vivaldi, Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (Spring) from the Four Seasons, mvt. 1 Bach, Organ Fugue in G Minor Monteverdi, Tu se morta from L’Orfeo Purcell, Dido’s Lament from Dido and Aeneas Bach, Bourée from Suite No. 3 in D Major Bach, Cantata No. 140 (Wachet Auf), Mvts. 4, 7 Handel, Ev’ry Valley Shall Be Exalted from Messiah Handel, Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah Entries in red are assigned as Self-Guided Studies.

11. Listening Summary • Bach • Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Maj, Mvt. 1 • Concerto Grosso • I= • ritornello form • soloists=flute, violin, harpsichord • long harpsichord cadenza • a technical “tour de force” • much drive toward final ritornello Connect Kamien

12. Listening Summary • Vivaldi • Concerto for Violin & Orchestra, Op. 8, No. 1, (Spring from the Four Seasons ), Mvt. 1 • Concerto • I= • Ritornello form • Program music Connect Kamien

13. Listening Summary • Bach • Organ Fugue in G Minor • Fugue • I= • 4-voice polyphony Connect Kamien

14. Listening Summary • Monteverdi • Tusémorta from L’Orfeo • operatic recitative • I= • basso continuoaccompWhat two instruments do you hear? • text expression of mournful mood: • word painting • dark tone color • slow tempo

15. Listening Summary • Purcell • Dido’s Lament from Dido and Aeneas • operatic aria (w/ recitative opening) • I= • orchestra accomp • ground bass unifies • text expression of mournful mood: • slow tempo • minor key • descending chromatic bass line • “sighing” gesture Connect Kamien

16. Listening Summary • Bach • Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, Bourrée • Dance Suite Movement • I= • Driving, exuberant rhythm • AABB form • Careful control of timbre Connect Kamien

17. Listening Summary • Bach • Cantata #140, (Wachet auf ) • Sacred cantata • I= • Mvt 4: 2 highly contrasting ideascombined in Ritornello-like organization • Mvt 7: simple homophonic chorale Connect Kamien

18. Handel Ev’ry Valley shall be Exalted from Messiah Aria from Oratorio I= word painting Listening Summary Connect Kamien

19. Handel Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah Oratorio I= Frequent and sudden texture changes Monophony, polyphony, homophony Listening Summary Connect Kamien

20. Match Genres with their descriptions Cantata Chorale Concerto Fugue Opera Oratorio Suite Polyphonic composition based on one theme, a subject Collection of dance-inspired movements Multi-movement work for chorus, vocal soloists, orchestra, organ, most sacred ones are based on a familiar chorale Large-scale work combines visual, vocal & instrumental music, and literature Large-scale work for chorus, orchestra, narrator, usually based on Old Testament story A hymn, important in Lutheran worship service • Multi-movement instrumental music that features two performing groups—soloist(s) and accompanying orchestra

21. Exam 1 topics 1. General questions: Elements: terms, conceptsBaroque Era: history, culture, music’s function Part III: Ch 1 & 2 • Architecture, décor, Baroque tastes & interests • Technology and influence on music • Visual arts • Developments in music 2. Listening: Elements: instrument, voice recognition, performance technique terms Baroque listening—Pieces we have studied 3. Genre check

22. Exam 1 • Op-Scan graded–bring pencil and eraser • multiple-choice (a few true/false) • 70-80 questions: • 15-20 on vocabulary, history, culture, genres, etc. • 55-70 on listening • elements, instruments, voices • Baroque pieces (9) • Test session organization: • 1. begin exam • 2. listening–starts about 15 minutes into test session • 3. quiet time to work on and/or finish non-listening part of exam • 4. listening • You may hear all of the music excerpts as often as you wish. • You may take as much as or as little of the 75 minute class time as you wish.