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Immunity

Immunity. Innate and Adaptive. Engage. You will be watching a movie clip from Body Defenses Against Diseases. Explore. What Do Bones Have to Do With the Immune System? You are going to color, label and research the functions of the immune system organs. Explore. Immune System Manipulative

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Immunity

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  1. Immunity Innate and Adaptive

  2. Engage • You will be watching a movie clip from Body Defenses Against Diseases

  3. Explore • What Do Bones Have to Do With the Immune System? • You are going to color, label and research the functions of the immune system organs.

  4. Explore • Immune System Manipulative • You will use large laminated pieces representing structures like antigens, interferons, anti-viral proteins, phagocytosis, inflammation, leukocytes, and other concepts of specific and non-specific immunology of the immune system to illustrate the various steps that occur during the “battle of the antigens.”

  5. Explain • Are we constantly bombarded with pathogens? • Are we constantly sick? • How do we not stay sick all of the time? • Nonspecific (Innate Immune System)

  6. Skin • First line of defense • Barrier • Populated by millions of microbes that inhibit the multiplication of pathogens on the skin

  7. Secretions • Mucus, Gastric Juices, Sweat, Tears, Saliva • Muscus – keeps body areas from drying out • Viscous (thick) – traps microbes, swallowed and gastric juices destroy bacteria and their toxins • Sweat, Tears, Saliva • Enzyme Lysozyme – breaks down the cell walls of some bacteria

  8. Phagocytosis • What if microbes pass skin and secretions? • Encounter cells that carry on phagocytosis • Phagocyte –leukocyte that ingests and destroys pathogens by engulfing them • Macrophage – giant scavengers or big eaters – develop from monocytes • They eventually die and leave a collection of dead white blood cells and various body fluids - pus

  9. Inflammation and Innate Immunity

  10. Inflammation • Reaction to any type of injury to body tissues (Infection or Trauma) • Four Symptoms – Caused by Release of Histamines • Redness • Swelling • Pain • Heat • Phagocytes migrate to injured site • Ingest pathogens • Release a chemical to cause hypothalamus to reset temperature • A temp is good to a point

  11. Protective Proteins (Slide 1) • Complement – group of proteins • attach to pathogens • damage their plasma membrane • Attract phagocytes • What about viruses?

  12. Protective Proteins (Slide 2) • Phagocytes CANNOT destroy viruses • Interferons • Protect human cells from viruses • Produced by body cells infected by the virus • Diffuses into uninfected neighboring cells • They produce antiviral proteins that disrupt viral replication

  13. Adaptive Immune System(Specific) • Immunity – the body recognizes a SPECIFIC pathogen • SPECIFIC – job of lymphatic system • Humoral (Antibody) immunity • Cell-Mediated immunity

  14. Three Basic Functions of Lymphatic System • Maintains homeostasis – constant body fluid level • Absorbs fat from digestion • Defends against disease

  15. Defense Against Disease • Traps foreign particles for filtration • Lymph – tissue fluid when it enters lymphatic vessels - colorless

  16. Organs of Lymphatic System

  17. Lymph Organs • Lymph MUST be filtered before it returns to the blood • Lymphatic organs • Tonsils • Thymus • Lymph Nodes • Liver • Spleen • Peyer’s Patch on Small Intestine • Bone Marrow

  18. Tongue and Tonsils • Fights bacteria and other harmful materials that enters your nose and mouth

  19. Lymph Nodes & Lymphocytes • Lymph Node – small tissue mass that holds lymphocytes – filters lymph (e.g., Tonsils)

  20. Liver/Spleen • Detects and responds to foreign substances in the blood • Filters out and destroys bacteria and worn-out red blood cells • DOES NOT filter lymph it filters _______.

  21. Antibody Immunity(Chemical Warfare) • Self vs. Non-Self • Initial Infection • Foreign antigen get in the body it causes the production of antibodies • Reinfection – do not get sick; have immunity - fight off future infections • e.g., B-Cell produce antibodies when activated

  22. Bone Marrow • B-Cells • Produce Antibodies

  23. Thymus Gland • Located above the heart • Where lymphocytes mature and develop into cells that fight SPECIFIC pathogens • T-Cells Newborns and Young Children - prominent - continues to grow until puberty AFTER Puberty - gradually decreases in size

  24. Cellular Immunity • Memory B-Cells • Helper T-Cells, Killer T-Cells and Suppressor T-Cells • Continually circulate through the blood looking for the presence of past infections

  25. Vaccination and Immunizations • Inject viral or bacterial protein into the body to mount up an immune response and cause immunity

  26. Immune System Disorders, I • Allergies • Overreaction of immune system • Allergens; cause mast cells to release histamines • Antihistamines

  27. Immune System Disorders, II • Autoimmune Diseases • Makes a mistake and attacks the body’s own cells. • Can’t distinguish between self and non-self • Examples • Type I Diabetes – attacks insulin producing cells • Rheumatoid arthritis – connective tissue in joints • Myasthenia gravis – neuromuscular junctions • Multiple sclerosis – neurons in brain and spinal cord

  28. Immune System Disorders, II • Immunodeficiency Disease • Immune system fails to develop normally or the immune system is destroyed • SCIDS – Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome • AIDS

  29. Elaborate • Watch immune system clip with ice climber Rob Taylor from the 1995 PBS video Universe Within. • You will visit the following website: • http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/immunity/ • At this website, you will find a link to an animated immune system game that will help you better understand the immune system.

  30. Evaluate • Without any assistance, you will correctly label 5 out of 6 immune system organs with their name and function when completing the immune system cut and paste activity.

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