Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics IBSAL

1. Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics IBSAL Shahab Sokhansanj and Anthony Turhollow Oak Ridge National Laboratory

2. Organization • Overview • Example • Elements of the model • IBSAL demonstration • Conclusions

3. Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) Model

4. Feedstock Cost Reduction Target 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

5. At the present, average delivered cost of agricultural residues is about $52 per dry ton.The target is to reduce the delivered costs to $30 per dry ton.

6. Baseline costs based on spreadsheet analysis $60 Other costs $50 Processing $40 Haul to plant $/dry ton $30 Storage $20 Move to storage $10 Collection $0 Base case - Chopper Chopper Farmer - Large head w/ low head w/o payments round bales cost storage storage

7. IBSAL Model - Description • The Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) model has been developed to simulate physical flow of biomass from collection to biorefinery. • IBSAL integrates technology and management information system for collecting, storing, processing, and transporting biomass. • IBSAL model functions similar to ASPEN model used for analysis of process engineering in chemical industry. • IBSAL model is made up of modules each representing a biomass handling process.

8. Elements of the model • Mathematical model of field and off-the-field operations. • Data on biomass physical characteristics - yield, physical and chemical changes in dry matter, moisture relations, density. • Climate variables (temperature, precipitation) • Quantities and geographical distribution of biomass material. • Cost data and costing method. • Emissions and soil compaction data (not yet implemented). • Biomass management information system.

9. Three scenarios for collection and supply of stover and straw to biorefinery

10. Dry ton, yield, acreage, and number of farms for a 1500 dry ton per day biorefining operation

11. Input data BIOMASS AVAILABILITY vs. time • The National Agricultural Statistics Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture publishes the progress of a number of major crops during a growing season. • The data is available at http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb.

12. Location model Three intermediate stores: S1, S2, S3 One conversion plant: P 1/n1=1 A1, f1 1/n2=8/9 A2, f2 ds2 S1 (xs2,ys2) S2 ds1 P R2 1/n3=1 A3, f3 ds3 S3 Af,i Y2,i (xi,yi)

13. Harvest weather conditions for Blair in 2000

14. www.imaginethatinc.com

15. Scenario 1 - baling 55 shredders $4.70/dt 40 balers $9.30 /dt 18 sp bale movers $18.46/dt 10 tarping crew $2.88/dt 12 bale loaders & 8 bale trucks $9.46/dt 3 grinders $6.99/dt Overall cost $50.85/dt Operating cost $21,068,482 Dry ton in 516,232 Dry ton out 509,931 Energy in/Energy out 0.12 Collection & supply of stover • Scenario 2 - loafing • 55 shredders $4.84/dt • 40 loafers (stackhand) $6.68 /dt • 3 grinder and 8 loaders $7.79/dt • 10 trucks $11.90/dt • Overall cost $34.89/dt • Operating cost $16,592,453 • Dry ton in 554,094 • Dry ton out 473,341 • Energy in/Energy out 0.12

16. Scenario 3 – Wet storage (ensiling) 50 forage sp harvesters & 80 forage wagons $22.75/dt 1 silage pit/100 ha & 8 Compactors (85 hp tractor) $13.09/dt 18 wheel loaders & 19 trucks $16.22/dt Overall cost $55.13/dt Operating cost $21,003,064 Dry ton in 565,059 Dry ton out 531,155 Collection & supply of stover

17. Progress of biomass availability, collection, and transport operations – cool and wet climate Available Collected Collection Completion 224 days Stored Delivered

18. Conclusions • EXTENDTM provides a convenient object oriented language to implement the dynamic simulation of biomass supply. • IBSAL considers time-dependent availability of biomass and the effects weather conditions have on the progress of harvest. • The program predicts the number and size of equipment and storage spaces to meet the rate of harvest and biorefinery demand schedule for feedstock. • The delivered cost of biomass is calculated based on the utilization rate of the machines and storage spaces. • The energy efficiency of the system is calculated