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B physics, CP violation and CKM (Theory)

B physics, CP violation and CKM (Theory). Vali Bashiry (IPM) Feb 12, 2007. Plan of this talk. Flavor Mesons (B, D, K) Unitarity triangle and New Physics B rare decays and B-> tn Bs mixing and Bs -> mm Future of flavor physics. u. n e. e. d. n m. c. m. s. t. n t. t. b.

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B physics, CP violation and CKM (Theory)

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  1. B physics, CP violation and CKM (Theory) Vali Bashiry (IPM) Feb 12, 2007 Vali Bashiry

  2. Plan of this talk • Flavor Mesons (B, D, K) • Unitarity triangle and New Physics • B rare decays and B-> tn • Bs mixing and Bs ->mm • Future of flavor physics Vali Bashiry

  3. u ne e d nm c m s t nt t b 3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuum Leptons Quarks Family 1 (light) Family 2 (heavy) Family 3 (v. heavy) WHY 3 FAMILIES ?? Vali Bashiry

  4. u ne e d nm c m s t nt t b 3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuum Leptons Quarks Family 1 (light) Family 2 (heavy) Bc Bs Family 3 (v. heavy) WHY 3 FAMILIES ?? Vali Bashiry

  5. u ne e d nm c m s t nt t b 3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuum Leptons Quarks Family 1 (light) - Bu Bd Family 2 (heavy) - Bc Bs Family 3 (v. heavy) WHY 3 FAMILIES ?? Vali Bashiry

  6. From the Higgs to the CKM Matrix Quarks: Masses ? Spontaneous Symmetry breaking Scalar Higgs field Yukawa coupling Higgs-quarks from flavour to mass eigenstates Interaction quarks-W (charged currents): 33 unitary matrix Vali Bashiry

  7. The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix • VCKMunitary and complex • 4 real parameters . (3 angles and 1 phase) Kobayashi, Maskawa 1973 Wolfenstein Parameterization (expansion in  ~ 0.2): CPV phase “Explicit” CPV in SM, if: non-degenerate masses Jarlskog 1985 Link between flavour and CP violation (phase invariant!) Vali Bashiry

  8. The Unitarity Triangle  g B sector: K sector: Expect large CP-violating effects in B-System b Tree processes Loop processes (mixing, ...) New Physics? Vali Bashiry

  9. D0 2001 BTEV ? ATLAS 2008 CLEO 3 1999 A Worldwide Effort: Studying CP Violation in the B System Vali Bashiry

  10. B deacysTree level & Loop level (Penguin) “tree” • Pure Leptonic (B-> l+ l-, B-> l+ ,…) • Hadronic (B->J/yKs, B->fKs,….) • Semileptonic (B->rl+ l-, B->K l+ l-,….) B->J/yKs “penguin” B->fKs Vali Bashiry

  11. The CKM Matrix: Impact of B Physics Vali Bashiry ()Observables may also depend on  and A - not always explicitly noted

  12. The Golden Channel: Penguin Tree Diagram (negligible) • Single weak phase: • clean extraction of CP phase • no CPV in decay: Vali Bashiry

  13. status: ICHEP’02 Standard Inputs • |Vud| 0.97394  0.00089 neutron & nuclear  decay • |Vus| 0.2200  0.0025 K   l • |Vcd| 0.224  0.014 dimuon production: N (DIS) • |Vcs| 0.969  0.058 W  XcX (OPAL) • |Vub| (4.09  0.61  0.42) 10–3LEP inclusive • |Vub| (4.08  0.56  0.40) 10–3CLEO inclusive & moments bsg • |Vub| (3.25  0.29  0.55) 10–3CLEO exclusive •  product of likelihoods for |Vub| • |Vcb| (40.4  1.3  0.9) 10–3Excl./Incl.+CLEO Moment Analysis • K (2.271  0.017) 10–3PDG 2000 • md (0.496  0.007) ps–1BABAR,Belle,CDF,LEP,SLD (2002) • ms Amplitude Spectrum’02 LEP, SLD, CDF (2002) • sin2 0.734  0.054 WA, ICHEP 02 • mt(MS) (166  5) GeV/c2CDF, D0, PDG 2000 • fBdBd (230  28  28) MeV Lattice 2000 •  1.16  0.03  0.05 Lattice 2000 BK 0.87  0.06  0.13 Lattice 2000 Tree process  no New Physics Standard CKM fit in hand of lattice QCD + other parameters with less relevant errors… Vali Bashiry

  14. CP violation and quark flavor mixing • CP violation was discovered in KL decays in 1964, much before the Standard Model was proposed. This was a big mystery. • Since then, there have been a great deal of progress in the elementary particle physics, which leads us to gauge interactions and three generations of quarks and leptons. Then, Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, proposed in 1972, has become a prime candidate for the theory of the CP violation. Vali Bashiry

  15. In 2001, a large CP violation in the B sector was found at two B factories at KEK and SLAC. New discoveries in B decays have followed, such as a direct CP violation, b -> sll, and b->dg. • LHC will start running next year to explore TeV scale physics. Focus of flavor physics is also shifting to search for New Physics effects. • There are a variety of ways to explore New Physics in K, Bd/Bu, Bs, D physics. Important information has been already obtained. Vali Bashiry

  16. Nuclear b decay K decay B decay Vus and CKM unitarity in the first row Significant improvements in Kaon semi-leptonic decays has been made at BNL, KTeV,CERN-NA48, KLOE, and ISTRA+ in recent years. The CKM unitarity is now satisfied with ~1 s. A proposal of Vus from t decay Vud from neutron life-time and A-asymmetry. Vali Bashiry

  17. (a) (g) (b) Unitarity triangle Various observable quantities in K and B physics constrain the angles and lengths of the unitarity triangle. B(K+ -> p+nn) B(K0->p0nn) eK DmBd, DmBs/DmBd, B(B->r(w) g)/B(B->K* g) b->u transition Angle determination f1/b: CP asymmetries in b->ccs modes. f2/a: CP asymmetries in B-> pp, rr,rp. f3/g : CP asymmetriesin B->DK, etc. (2f1+g)/(2b+g): CP asymmetry in B->Dp, etc Vali Bashiry

  18. The unitarity triangle: a year ago Already many observable quantities are over-constraining the unitarity triangle. Vali Bashiry

  19. |Vub|, f3/g Bd mixing and CP asymmetries + Bs mixing and CP asymmetries + + eK and B(K->pnn) Is this enough? Fit from tree level processes Pre-ICHEP 06 Not, to study New Physics effects. In order to disentangle new physics effects, we should first determine CKM parameters by “tree-level” processes. We know (or constrain) which sector is affected by new physics. Improvement of f3/g is essential. Vali Bashiry

  20. New phase (ex SUSY) CP asymmetry in penguin-dominated processes Summer 2005 Time-dependent CP asymmetry (Dominant decay diagrams) B->J/yKs “tree” B->fKs “penguin” Summer 2006 update => M.Hazumi’s talk “sin 2f1“is the same in the SM Vali Bashiry

  21. Recent theoretical calculations on DS= sin(2f1eff)-sin(2f1) • There are efforts to calculate difference of CP asymmetries between penguin-dominated modes and tree-dominated mode in different methods (QCD factorization, Final-state interaction, Soft Collinear Effective Theory). • Differences are estimated so far within a few % for B to fKs and h’Ks modes in the Standard Model. QCDF+FSI Cheng-Chua-Soni QCDF Beneke QCDF Buchalla-Hiller-Nir-Raz SCET Williamson-Zupan DS(fKs) DS(h’Ks) DS(p0Ks) Vali Bashiry

  22. Rare B decays • There are many rare decay processes sensitive to new physics effects. • Electroweak penguin processes offer several theoretical clean observables. Inclusive and exclusive b->sg Inclusive and exclusive b->dg Inclusive and exclusive b->sll 1. Direct CP violation in b->sg,dg (New phase) 2. Mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B->K*g, Ksp0g. (Right-handed photon operator) 3. Lepton forward-backward asymmetry in b ->sll. Vali Bashiry

  23. l+ B q K* l- • Many recent theoretical developments are reported. • Status of NNLLQCD correction to b->sg, b->sll. (T.Hurth) • Inclusive b->uln, b->sg,B->VV in SCET. (T.Feldmann) • B->pp,Kp in SCET.(S.Jaeger) • Correction to mixing-induced CP violation in B->K*g, Ksp0g. • Naively the asymmetry is suppressed by ms/mb (a few %), but there • are corrections at 10 % level in the SM. (B.Grinstein and D.Pirjol) • Forward Backward Asymmetry in B->K*l+l- • QCDF calculation (M.Beneke,T.Feldmann,and D.Seidel) • SCET calculation (A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu) A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu Vali Bashiry

  24. (Preliminary) b n b n H- W t u u t Tauonic B decay The Belle result of the B ->tn branching ratio. => R.Barlow’s talk This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson exchange diagram in 2 Higgs doublet model as well as SUSY models. New contributions are important for the large tanb case Charged Higgs exchange contribution depends on Vali Bashiry

  25. B(b->tn) vs. B(b->ctn) and B(B->Dtn) B(B->tn) • Related modes are inclusive and exclusive processes on b->ctn . • Inclusive B(b->ctn) was measured at LEP B(b->ctn)/B(b->cen) Constraint on “r” in 2HDM. Belle ICHEP06 B(B->Dtn)/B(B->Dmn) LEP Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995 Two-fold ambiguity is not resolved by the Inclusive mode. Exclusive modes are necessary. H.Itoh,N.Gaur, Y.O Vali Bashiry

  26. Belle B->tn: excluded region (95.5%CL) g t t K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea b H Comparison with the charged Higgs boson production at LHC • The parameter region covered • by B decays and the charged Higgs • production overlaps. • If both experiments find positive effects, we can perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs couplings. B->tn: H-b-u coupling B->Dtn : H-b-c coupling gb->tH: H-b-t coupling SUSY loop vertex correction can break the universality. K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea Vali Bashiry

  27. Bs physics This is a year of the Bs mixing. Bs is quite different from Bd Large mass difference: (Dms/Dmd~40) Sizable life-time difference: DGs/Gs ~0(10%) Almost no CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude in the SM. If new physics effects induce a CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude: ASL Large time-dep CP asymmetry in B->J/yf (Syf) DG<DG(SM) Correlation between semi-leptonic asymmetry (ASL) and Syf. Y.Grossman,Y.Nir,and G.Raz Syf Z.Ligeti,M.Papucci, and G.Perez Vali Bashiry

  28. Bs mixing and New Physics: SUSY • Supersymmetry introduces squarks and sleptons. • Squark mass matrixes can carry information on SUSY breaking mechanism and GUT scale interactions. • Quark flavor changing neutral current processes are sensitive to the off-diagonal elements of the squark mass matrix. Vali Bashiry

  29. SUSY GUT + Seesaw neutrino SUSY GUT and Bs mixing B(t->mg) vs. Dms/Dmd in SUSY GUT SM T.Goto,Y.O.Y.Shimizu,Y.Shindou,and M.Tanaka,2003 B.Dutta and Y.Mimura, hep-ph/0607147 Vali Bashiry

  30. Particle content of the littlest Higgs model with T parity. ~10 TeV, new strong dynamics ~ 1TeV WH, ZH, fij, T+,T- uH,dH AH ~200 GeV A Higgs boson and SM particles Bs mixing and New Physics: Little Higgs model • Little Higgs model : a model with a composite • Higgs boson. • New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top • partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic • divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level. • The mass of these particles are around • 1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”. • The lightest T-odd particle is a dark matter • candidate. N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002 C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003 Vali Bashiry

  31. u d VCKM W qH u WH,ZH,AH VHu VHd qH d WH,ZH,AH Flavor signals of T-odd fermions T-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz Three flavor mixing matrixes Two are independent. A new flavor mixing matrix can generate various patterns of deviation from the SM. M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.Uhlig,and A.Weiler Vali Bashiry

  32. b s m m Bs->mm and SUSY • SUSY loop corrections can enhance B(Bs->mm) by a few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction for large values of tan b. • Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects The discovery region of a neutral Higgs boson through pp->bf0->bmm at LHC and the discovery region of Bs->mm at Tevatron and LHC overlap. C.Kao and Y.Wang Vali Bashiry

  33. Future of Kaon phyiscs A.Ceccuci K0->p0nn M.Doroshenko • K0Lp0 n nKEK E391=> JPARC • JPARC-P14 • K+p+ n n • CERN-SPSC-P-326 (a.k.a. NA48/3) • JPARC-P09 • Transverse m polarisation in K+p0 m+ n (T-Violation ) • JPARC-P06 • Other Initiatives: • DANAE (Frascati) • OKA (Protvino) New limit 2.1X10-7 (KEK E391) based on 1/10 of Run I data 65 signal, 9±3Bgds/year Vali Bashiry

  34. B physics at LHC Much improvements are expected for Bs physics and B->K*mm measurements, etc. ATLAS T.Sivoklokov LHCb 2fb-1 T.Ruf CMS U.Langenegger Vali Bashiry

  35. Super B factory 5X L(now) 50X L(now) Current Belle+BaBar integrated luminosity: L(now)~1/ab 5/ab 50/ab In many aspects asymmetric B factories are complementary to B physics in hadron machine (unique for neutrino and tau modes) Super KEK LoI Vali Bashiry

  36. Pattern of New Physics effects SUSY Large Extra Dimension model Different pattern of the deviations from the SM prediction. Correlation with other physics observables. 2003 SLAC WS Proceedings Vali Bashiry

  37. Summary • B factory experiments continue to produce interesting results. • Measurement of the Bs mixing have added a new dimension to flavor physics. • All these developments are important to explore physics beyond the Standard Model from the aspects of quark flavor physics in the LHC era. Vali Bashiry

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