APA Part 1 – Test citations

1. Turnitin and Using APA to Avoid Plagiarism APA Part 1 – Test citations Video: 9 min. 30 sec.

2. Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism • Plagiarismis defined as using another person’s ideas or words without giving them proper credit. • Re-using class assignments in other classes is a form of self-plagiarism. • Plagiarism can be grounds for dismissal. • Graphic from San Jose State University plagiarism webpage (http://tutorials.sjlibrary.org/tutorial/plagiarism/tutorial/3plagiarism.htm)

3. Types of Plagiarism

4. “My topic is plagiarism!” "I stole my term paper off the Internet, but I think it’s okay. My topic is plagiarism.” Cartoon by Randy Glasbergen

5. Turnitin Originality Report: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

6. Turnitin Identifies Exact Words From Other Sources

7. Do Not Just Cut and Paste: Quote!!

8. APA Rules for Direct Quotes “Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system”(Smith, 2008, p. 212). Exact words are enclosed in quotes and a text citation is provided: APA manual, pp. 170-171

9. When Using a Direct Quote, Provide the Page # When Using a Direct Quote, Provide the Page #: “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Windhorst, 2004, p. 237) . Krankenstein (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). Lynch (2007) stated, “The findings are not valid” (p. 22) but later maintained that other studies reached different conclusions. • See APA, Chapter 6, p. 171-173

10. Original Sources Quoted Using APA Rules

11. Definition of Paraphrasing “Paraphrasing is not simply rearranging or rewording an original passage. Correct paraphrasing consists of reading the original passage, understanding what the original author is saying, synthesizing… the information, and then expressing your understanding of these ideas in your own words.” San Jose State University (http://tutorials.sjlibrary.org/tutorial/plagiarism/tutorial/introduction.htm)

12. Paraphrasing: Rewording More Than 50% “Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system”(Smith, 2008, p. 212). Direct quote Paraphrased When the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was signed into law in January of 2002 by President Bush, the law provided the most all-encompassing reform in education the United States in decades and provided a foundation for strengthening educational policy at the national level for years to come (Smith, 2008). APA manual, pp. 170-171

13. Words Used Verbatim: Cited But Not Quoted

14. Not Paraphrased

15. Turnitin Provides Information about the Source

16. Primary Source Cited But Words Were Actually Plagiarized From a Secondary Source • Researchers have noted adjustment problems during a rising ninth grader’s transition period. The rising ninth graders’ grade point averages and attendance tend to decrease. The upcoming freshman experience feelings of connectedness, and co-curricular participation. They also experience an increase in anxiety concerning school procedures and older students, social difficulties. So far, transition programs have varied widely within schools, and designs range from a one-day overview of a new school to a full school year of career-focused curriculum. Although the scope of research varies as much as the programs themselves, several important aspects have been emphasized, and it is apparent that longer-term comprehensive transition programming can be beneficial. Dropout There is a high school dropout epidemic in America. Each year, almost one-third of all public high school students – and nearly one-half of all blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans – fail to graduate from public high school (Bridgeland,Dilulio, Jr., and Morison, 2006). The most common reasons for dropping out of high schoolare attitude towards school, poor school performance, and poor relationship with teachers. Dropouts also had lower academic performance, decreased motivation, and an increased sense of alienation from the school environment (Lan & Lanthier, 2003). Research also revealed that high school students often consider the social organizational changes and academic work as the most difficult part of transition (Akos, 2004). The original idea was from Lan & Lanthier, but the actual words are from a secondary source by Clarke. The problem is that the secondary source was not cited. (Lan & Lanthier, 2003).

17. Using Secondary Sources:Use the Phrase “as cited in….” Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego (as cited inDickerson, 2012) … Dickerson, L. (2012). Freudian concepts of id, ego and superego applied to chemical and other addictions. New York, NY: Universe. Text citation: List the primary source in the reference list entry:

18. Cartoon “I like the writing in that paper. I only wish some of it had been yours.” Cartoon by Matthew Henry Hall (www.matthewhenryhall.com)

19. Reference List

20. Reference Citations Using APA Formatting r Rallapalli, K. C ., Vitell, S. J. & Barnes, J. H. (1998). The influence of norms on ethical judgements and intentions: An empirical study of marketing professionals. Journal of Business Research, 43(3), 157-168. Reidenback, R. E., Robin, R. P., (1988). Some initial steps toward improving the measurement of ethical evaluations of marketing activities. Journal of Business Ethics, 7(11), 871-871.Reidenback, R. E., & Robin, D. P (1990). Toward the development of a multidimensional scale for improving evaluations of business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(8), 639-639. ReferenceCitations

21. Common Phrases and Names

22. When to Cite a Reference When to Cite a Reference Should I cite? Cardiff University https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/whento1.html Is it a quote? Yes Use quotation marks and cite it No Yes Is it a paraphrase? Cite it No Is it another’s idea/theory? Yes Cite it No There is no need to cite if it’s common knowledge or your own thoughts

23. Use APA to Ethically Cite Sources • Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) - Do NOT just cut and paste! • Citesource of ideas and exact words. • Use quotation marks around exact words and a text citation. - Provide page number for direct quotes. - Cite source for paraphrased ideas or words.

24. Avoid Plagiarizing! Questions? I got an F?!?What do you mean -- all my facts are wrong?!? I copied everything straightfrom the World Book Encyclopedia Online!! F