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Section 8-3: Activity Series of the Elements

Section 8-3: Activity Series of the Elements. Coach Kelsoe Chemistry Pages 285-287. Section 8-3 Objectives. Explain the significance of an activity series. Use an activity series to predict whether a given reaction will occur and what the products will be. Activity Series of the Elements.

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Section 8-3: Activity Series of the Elements

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  1. Section 8-3:Activity Series of the Elements Coach Kelsoe Chemistry Pages 285-287

  2. Section 8-3 Objectives • Explain the significance of an activity series. • Use an activity series to predict whether a given reaction will occur and what the products will be.

  3. Activity Series of the Elements • The ability of an element to react is referred to as the element’s activity. The more readily an element reacts with other substances, the greater its activity is. • An activity series is a list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions. • For metals, greater activity means a greater ease of loss of electrons, to form positive ions. • For nonmetals, greater activity means a greater ease of gain of electrons, to form negative ions.

  4. Activity Series of the Elements • The order in which the elements are listed is usually determined by single-replacement reactions. • The most active element, placed at the top in the series, can replace each of the elements below it from a compound in a single-replacement reaction. • An element farther down can replace any element below it but not any above it.

  5. Activity Series of the Elements • Remember from Section 8-2 that each halogen will react to replace any halogen listed below it in the periodic table. The same idea goes into an activity series. • Therefore, an activity series for the Group 17 elements lists them in the same order, from top to bottom, as they appear in the periodic table.

  6. Activity Series • Just because a chemical equation can be written, it doesn’t mean that the reaction it represents can take place. • Activity series are used to help predict whether certain chemical reactions will occur. • For example, according to the activity series for metals (Table 8-3) aluminum replaces zinc. Therefore we could predict that the following reaction does occur: 2Al(s) + 3ZnCl2(aq)  3Zn(s) + 2AlCl3(aq)

  7. Activity Series • Cobalt, however, cannot replace sodium, according to Table 8-3 (p.266). Therefore we can write the following: Co(s) + 2NaCl(aq)  no reaction • Activity series are based on experiment, just like many other aids we use. The information they contain is used as a general guide for predicting reaction outcomes.

  8. Activity Series • For example, the activity series reflects the fact that some metals (potassium, barium, etc.) react vigorously with water and acids, replacing hydrogen to form new compounds. • Other metals, such as iron or zinc, replace hydrogen in acids such as hydrochloric acid but react with water only when the water is hot enough to become steam. Nickel, however, will replace hydrogen in acids, but will not react with steam at all. And gold will not react with acid or water, either as a liquid or as steam.

  9. Activity Series of the Elements • See page 266

  10. Vocabulary • Activity series

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