The Role of Monarchies in the European Middle Ages

1. Unit 3: What is the most important part of a society? Today’s question: what is the purpose of government? (part 2)

2. Today’s learning objectives: • Know: • That in the European Middle Ages, monarchies were the predominant form of government. • The political, social and economic roles of the monarchy in the European Middle Ages. • What heraldry is and the significance of some heraldic conventions. • Do: • Take notes on the role of the monarchy. • Study Canadian coats of arms • Practice using the hypothesis/evidence template • Answer the question: Who’s crest could this have been? Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

3. Today’s plan • Think On It: Once Rome fell, who took over? • Minilecture: Royal Power in the European Middle Ages • Activity: Who was it? • Activity: Coats of Arms Assignment • PrepReminder Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

4. Think On it: Critical Thinking Activities • Once the Western Roman Empire fell (collapsed), who took over? Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

5. Minilecture: royal power Content Knowledge Activities During this section of the class, you should take notes on your notes page. Notes should be in your own words and neat (so you can read them later). • When the Western Roman Empire collapsed, some people say a “power vacuum” occurred, where there was no formal, organised form of government. • Over time, individual groups took control of certain lands and established monarchies, or kingdoms. • How did the map of Europe change from 500 C to 1300 CE? • Monarchies were established in what is now Europe. • The borders between kingdoms changed through peaceful agreement, conquering, war, etc. Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

6. Minilecture: royal power Content Knowledge Activities • Read pages XXX in your text. • As you read, look for how the monarchies were powerful in the three categories of: • Social (culture, religion, language, trends) • Political (laws, government, relations with other monarchs) • Economic (jobs, currency/money, taxes, trade) Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

7. Minilecture: royal power Content Knowledge Activities • How the monarchies were powerful? • Political • Centralised power • Replaced feudal courts with royal courts • Growing emphasis on written documents (regularised legal system and codes) • Rise of representative assemblies • Operated within the feudal contract • Social • Attempted to reduce influence of the aristocracy • Set important trends- i.e. Eleanor of Aquitaine • Beginnings of national identity and loyalty • Economic • Taxes • Agreements • Coordination under authority Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

8. Coats of arms Content Knowledge Activities • What are symbols? • Images that stand in for a concept, idea, company, product, person. • Cause us to remember the concept, idea, company, product, person. • May be used to encourages us to think, act, feel or respond in a certain way. • What are some examples of symbols in your life? Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

9. For each symbol a) identify b) record your reaction 2 3 1 8 4 5 6 7

10. Who was it? Content Knowledge Activities • Heraldry is a short-hand of history • Used to identify knights whose faces were obscured by armour • Granted by the sovereign to one person Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities "First use of heraldry in Canada. Jacques Cartier raises the Arms of Francis I of France at Gaspe in 1534."

11. Canada British Columbia Rt. Hon. Michael Jean City of Vancouver

12. Content Knowledge Activities

13. Who was it? Content Knowledge Activities • What symbols are represented in this example and what do they mean? • Is there a theme or message portrayed from the combination of symbols? • How is this coat of arms a “short hand history” of the person, organisation or body represented? Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

14. Who was it? Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities • In your group, using the list of symbols, analyse the heraldic crest in front of you. • Be sure to consider patterns, use of colour, animals, etc. • Use your own observations and the discussion of the group to complete your hypothesis + evidence template to answer and defend the question: • Who’s heraldic crest is this? Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

15. Coats of arms Content Knowledge Activities Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

16. Today’s learning objectives: • Know: • That in the European Middle Ages, monarchies were the predominant form of government. • The political, social and economic roles of the monarchy in the European Middle Ages. • What heraldry is and the significance of some heraldic conventions. • Do: • Take notes on the role of the monarchy. • Study Canadian coats of arms • Practice using the hypothesis/evidence template • Answer the question: Who’s crest could this have been? Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities Content Knowledge Activities

17. Prep reminder Critical Thinking Activities Writing Skill Activities In preparation for next class, please: • Review your notes + add to them (personal thoughts, clarifications, questions, connections) • Complete your personal Heraldic Crest + paragraph Due: Next class. Day 2: Tuesday October 29 Day 1: Wednesday October 30