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Music Appreciation

Music Appreciation. Medieval/Middle Ages and Renaissance Music. The most important concept!. Sacred vs. Secular. Medieval vs. Renaissance. Easy dates to remember…. Medieval/Middle Ages c. 450-1450 Renaissance c. 1450-1650. Just any old church door? . October 31, 1517. Martin Luther

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Music Appreciation

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  1. Music Appreciation Medieval/Middle Ages and Renaissance Music

  2. The most important concept! • Sacred vs. Secular

  3. Medieval vs. Renaissance

  4. Easy dates to remember…. • Medieval/Middle Ages • c. 450-1450 • Renaissance • c. 1450-1650

  5. Just any old church door?

  6. October 31, 1517 • Martin Luther • 95 Theses • Women (castrati) • Vernacular

  7. The Culture of the Medieval/Middle Ages • Almost all patronage (sponsorship) from the church • Most surviving music is sacred • Later Middle Ages: cities, cathedrals, art, and literature 1450 450

  8. Which are you?

  9. Two Types of Chant • Syllabic: One note (or sometimes two) note(s) per syllable. Dies Irae Day of wrath! O day of mourning!See fulfilled the prophets' warning,Heaven and earth in ashes burning!

  10. Two Types of Chant • Melismatic: multiple notes per syllable. Whitsunday Mass, “Alleluia, emitte spirit”

  11. Quick comparison… • Dies Irae • Mozart (1791) • Verdi (1900) (3:50) Essay question: What are the differences between these three Dies Iraecompositions? (And… we’ll here at least two more!)

  12. Listening • De Profundis “…From the depths, I cry to Thee, Lord…” Psalm 130

  13. Listen for… • Sacred Latin text • Male voices • No harmony* • No rhythmic*interest • No dynamic* variation • Melismatic* writing • Confined vocal range • A capella*

  14. Life in the Medieval/Middle Ages Cloister • Cloister Monastery (men) Convent (women)

  15. The place of women… • Where are the women in “classical” music? • How many times will we ask that question? • Any early feminists?

  16. Hildegard of Bingen

  17. The Music of Hildegard of Bingen(1098–1179) • 1150 founded convent in Germany • Known for miracles and prophecies • Three collections of visions & prophecies in manuscript • Composed religious poetry with music (Morality play) The Play of the Virtues (Ordovirtutum)

  18. Vision: The Life of Hildegard

  19. Listening

  20. Listen for… • Sacred Latin text, but… • Male voices • No harmony* • No rhythmic*interest • No dynamic* variation • Melismatic* and Syllabic* writing • Extended vocal range • A capella* • Various sections between solo* andtutti*

  21. Which leads us to….. • Opera* • The Coronation of Poppea • Claudio Monteverdi • Voice assignments (including countertenors/castrati) Warning! (Just the first of many.)

  22. The Rise of Polyphony*: The Notre Dame School Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris. • Notated rhythm* and pitch. • Multiple “voices”

  23. Motets* • Sacred*, usually in Latin • Any number of voices* • Accompanied * • Spem in alium I have never put my hope in any other but in you, O God of Israel who can show both anger and graciousness, and who absolves all the sins of suffering man Lord God, Creator of Heaven and Earth be mindful of our humiliation

  24. Madrigals* • Secular* • A cappella* • Vernacular* • Word painting* • Fair Phyllis Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all aloneFeeding her flock near to the mountain side.The shepherds knew not,they knew not whither she was gone,But after her lover Amyntashied(sic),Up and down he wanderedwhilst she was missing;When he found her,O then they fell a-kissing.

  25. Early Instrumental Music • Central role in art music reserved for vocal music. • Instrumental music mostly improvised.* • Soft (piano* or bas) or loud(forte* or haut) instruments. • Categorized by their use (indoor or outdoor) .

  26. Early Instrumental Music Vielle Mandolin Lute

  27. Early Instrumental Music Dulcimer Psaltery

  28. Medieval Organs • Small instruments (Portative) • Sound clip • Large instruments (Positive)

  29. Listening • Gloria from MissaPapaeMarcelli Giovanni Pierluigida Palestrina 1525-94

  30. Sacred Latin Text

  31. Listen for… • Sacred* Latin text • Male voices (treble/castrato*?!) • Intricate harmonies* • Detailed rhythm* • Wide dynamic* variations • Melismatic* and Syllabic* writing • Extended vocal range • A capella* • Various sections between solo* andtutti*

  32. Listening • Pavane* • William Byrd (1543-1623)

  33. Viol*

  34. Viol* fast facts • viola dagambaand lute • bowed, fretted, stringed musical instruments • developed in the 13th century • most popular and important instrument through the 15th century

  35. Listen for… • Instrumental only • Secular* purpose (dance) • Strong, predictable dance rhythm* • Polyphonic* voices

  36. Quick comparison… • Gabriel Faure: Pavane (1887)

  37. Essay Question • What are the differences between the two Pavanecompositions?

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