Journal #30

1. Journal #30 • Interposition – interference • Oppress – to punish or keep down with severe and unfair use of authority • Manifest – to show something with actions or appearance

2. Quote of the Day • “A little flattery will support a man through great fatigue.” – James Monroe

3. James Monroe (1758 – 1831) • 5th U. S. President (1817-1825) • Last president to be considered a founding father • Key events of his term include the acquisition of Florida, the Missouri Compromise, and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine • Dropped out of college at William and Mary to fight in the Revolutionary War • Assisted in negotiating the Louisiana Purchase • The University of Virginia is located on what was once his family farm • The capital of Liberia is named after him (Monrovia) • 3rd President to die on July 4th

4. A New National Identity 11.1 and 11.2

5. Bonus Questions • This mountain man was half African American and became a Crow war chief • The most famous Wyoming mountain man, AKA “old Gabe” he built a fort in SW Wyoming • This mountain man explored more unknown territory than any other, he had to sew his face back on • This mountain man was mauled and left for dead by Jim Bridger • This mountain man was called “the Pathfinder” because his report to Congress in the 1840s caused many people to move west

6. Bonus Questions II • What were the group of pirates from North Africa called in the early 1800s? • This man was a Shawnee Chief who wanted to unite many tribes to fight against the U.S? • This man defeated an Indian village at Tippecanoe? • The 4th U.S. President? • This man defeated the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Creek?

7. The Era of Good Feelings • After the War of 1812, the U.S. enjoyed a time of peace, and national pride began to grow • Journalists began to call this time the “Era of Good Feelings” • In 1816, Republican James Monroe, won the presidency – he wins re-election in 1820 • Several conflicts were resolved with foreign countries during Monroe’s presidency

8. Treaties with Canada • The Treaty of Ghent ended the war with Britain, but it did not solve disputes between the U.S. and British Canada • The Rush-Bagot Agreementin 1817 limited naval power on the Great Lakes for both the U.S. and Canada • The Convention of 1818 gave the U.S. fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador and set the border between the U.S. and Canada at the 49th parallel

9. Ambassador Bridge

10. The Issue of Florida • There was another dispute with Spanish Florida • Some Americans wanted to settle there • Others were angry at the Seminole Indians for attacking U.S. towns and helping runaway slaves • In 1818 Secretary of State John Quincy Adams held talks with the Spanish • Andrew Jackson is sent to protect the U.S. border from Seminole attacks

11. The First Seminole War • In April 1818, Jackson’s troops crossed into Florida to capture Seminole raiders • Jackson went into Florida and fought the Spanish and Seminole without permission from President Monroe • Jackson took most of Spain’s military posts and overthrew the Spanish governor of Florida • The British and Spanish were not happy – most Americans approved of Jackson’s actions

12. The End of the First Seminole War • Jackson’s presence in Florida helped convince the Spanish to settle the U.S. border dispute • In theAdams-Onis Treaty of 1819 Spain ceded Florida to the U.S.

13. Latin America in the 1820s • At the time of the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain had other problems • The Spanish colonies of Central and South America began to challenge Spanish rule • By the early 1820s most of Latin America had declared independence from Spain • Simon Bolivar, called the Liberator, led many of these struggles ------------------------------------- • The revolutions in Latin America reminded the U.S. of the American Revolution, so we supported these groups

14. The Monroe doctrine • Latin American independence worried President Monroe • He thought countries in Europe might try to take over Latin America • On December 2, 1823 Monroe warns Europe not to interfere with the Americas • He says any new European colonies in the Americas will be seen as a “hostile act” • Europe did not like this policy, but did not challenge it • This becomes known as the Monroe Doctrine and it has played a major role in U.S.-Latin American relations

15. Expansion and improvements 11.2

16. The Missouri territory • Americans continued to move west in the early 1800s • Mount Pleasant, Ohio grows from 7 families to 90 in ten years • In 1819 Missouri applies to enter the Union as a slave state • At the time there were 11 slave states and 11 free states, Missouri would tip the balance in the Senate • The House wanted to allow Missouri in with restrictions on slavery • people from both sides were angry • To solve this dispute, Kentucky representative Henry Clay helped Congress reach the Missouri Compromise

17. The Missouri compromise • Was a compromise to allow the state of Missouri to enter the Union (become a state) under the following conditions: • Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state • Maine would enter the Union as a free state • Slavery would be illegal in any new territories or states north of 36.30 latitude – Missouri’s southern border • This compromise was passed by Congress in 1820 – it temporarily solved the dispute over slavery

18. Henry clay’s American System • Clay thought that a strong economy would prevent regional conflicts in the U.S. • He wanted a protective tariff to strengthen the U.S. economy • He wanted to use the tariff money to improve roads and canals to make trade within the U.S. easier • This plan is not used to improve transportation in the U.S.

19. New Roads and Canals • In the early 1800s most roads in the U.S. were dirt and in bad shape • “The wickedest, cruellest, hard-heartedest road that wheels ever rumbled upon. Through bog and marsh, and ruts wider and deeper than any ruts I ever saw, with the roots of trees protruding across our path.” • Frances Anne Kemble – 1830s

20. The Cumberland Road • Was the first road built by the national (federal) government • It ran from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, West Virginia • It was also known as the National Road, it reached Illinois by 1850

21. The Erie Canal • Water transportation was usually quicker, easier, and cheaper than overland travel • Some Americans tried to make water transportation easier by building canals – in the early 1800s many canals were built • The Erie Canal was one of the largest – going from Albany to Buffalo, New York • This project was started in 1817 and finished in 1825, it was a huge success that allowed goods to move from Lake Erie to New York City

23. The Election of 1824 • The two candidates • Secretary of State John Quincy Adams • Tennessee Senator Andrew Jackson • Jackson won the popular vote but he did not have enough electoral votes to win – the vote goes to the House of Representatives • Henry Clay backs Adams – Adams wins and becomes president – he names Clay his Secretary of State • Jackson’s supporters claim that Adams and Clay made a “corrupt bargain” to get Adams elected • President Adams was very unpopular – especially in the South