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Political System during the Spanish Occupation

Political System during the Spanish Occupation. Reported by Group 2: Feliciano, Angelo, Barril , Tongoy , Soriano 1-SLP . Encomienda. “ encomendar ” - to commend or to commit to one’s care. Originally a feudal institution in Spain to reward deserving Spaniards.

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Political System during the Spanish Occupation

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  1. Political System during the Spanish Occupation Reported by Group 2: Feliciano, Angelo, Barril, Tongoy, Soriano 1-SLP

  2. Encomienda • “encomendar” - to commend or to commit to one’s care • Originally a feudal institution in Spain to reward deserving Spaniards. • Was introduced by the Spanish Crown to attract others to settle in the colonies

  3. Encomienda in the Philippines • It was an administrative unit for the purpose of exacting tribute from the natives and to use the personal services of the King’s vassals in the encomienda. • It was looked upon by its beneficiaries as a pretense for slavery. • It became the tool of oppression and depression of the by the encomenderos.

  4. Encomendero • Undertook ways to look after the well-being of his people • Educated the people with Spanish norms of conduct • Authorized to collect tribute from natives • Recruited workers for Polo y Servicio • Received about 1/4 of the tribute collected

  5. Corregimientos vsAlcaldia-Mayor ALCALDE-MAYOR • ‘pacified’ by the Spanish government • Alcalde-mayor • To collect tax • To enforce the law • Dispensed justice • Given the privilage of INDULTO DE COMERCIO (the privilage to engage in trade) CORREGIMIENTOS • Not been completely ‘Pacified’ • Corregidores • Places resistant to the Spanish rule

  6. Thomas de Comyn • A Spanish social scientist • One of the authors of “The Former Philippines Thru Foreign Eyes” • Described that the office of alcalde-mayor as: • Model of graft and corruption • Inefficiency brought about inexperienced men governing the provinces • Some had little or no background at all to execute their varied responsibilities

  7. Organization of the Provinces

  8. Gobernadorcillo • This position is open to Filipinos • This was first occupied by pre-colonial chieftains and their descendants and later elected by an electoral board consisting of the outgoing gobernadorcillo and 12 members of the principalia • Principalia- prominent land-owning and propertied citizens who could read, write and speak Spanish

  9. Cabeza de Barangay • They were the ones who collected tributes when the encomienda system was still imposed. • An appointed office

  10. The Governor General • The king appoints the governor general • Acts as the chief executive, the commander-in-chief of the military forces of the colony, the vice-royal patron • His term usually lasts for 2 years and 10 months • This office is often bought or granted as a favor

  11. The Governor General as the vice-royal patron • He has the power to • Recommend priests in parishes • Authority to intervene in controversies between religious authorities • Reject or suspend the implementation of any royal decree or law from Spain (known as the Cumplase power)

  12. How do they check the gubernatorial power? • AUDENCIA ROYAL • To act as the Supreme court of the colony also served as advisory body to the governor and audited the expenditures of the government.

  13. RESIDENCIA • To conduct a trial of an outgoing governor general and other Spanish officials for the purpose of punishing those guilty of corruption.

  14. VISITADOR-GENERAL • To check the behavior of the high officials in the colony

  15. ARCHBISHOP AND CLERGY • Who were appointed by the Pope upon the reccommendation of the king. Subordinate public officials and influential private citizens

  16. TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION • A situation in which a government imposes taxes on a particular group of its citizens, despite the citizens not consenting or having an actual representative deliver their views when the taxation decision was made.

  17. DIRECT taxes – personal tributes and income tax • INDIRECT taxes – custom duties and bandalâ • MONOPOLIES (rentasestancadas) of special crops and items – e.g. liquors, betel nut, tobacco, explosives, opium

  18. Buwis(tribute) – may be paid in cash or kind, partly or wholly • Palay or tobacco, chickens, textiles, wax and special regional produce (depends on area of country) • Samboangan/donativo de Zamboanga– one half of real (rice) that was collected • To crush the Moro raids and vintato equip vintas to shield the coastal areas of Bulacan and Pampanga • Tax exemptions – descendants of Filipino chiefly class (conquistadores), laborers of the arsenal and artillery yard (Cavite), mediquillos(Filipinos who had medical experience but no title) • Bandalâ– assignments of annual quotas to each province for the compulsory sale of products to the government • Cedula personal (personal identity paper) – equivalent to the present residence tax; everyone, over 18 yrs. of age was required to pay

  19. GAME! • 4 x 4 BOARD • 3 questions per topic • 1 topic will have an extra question

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