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Ecclesiastical Breakdown

Ecclesiastical Breakdown. Avignon Papacy Babylonian Captivity Great Schism Conciliar Theory. Alex Hatcher Sam Lombard Amal Cheema. Avignon Papacy Causes. CAUSES: Political/Military Royal Challenge to Papacy Boniface Versus Philip the Fair Focus: taxes on clergy

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Ecclesiastical Breakdown

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  1. Ecclesiastical Breakdown Avignon Papacy Babylonian Captivity Great Schism Conciliar Theory Alex Hatcher Sam Lombard Amal Cheema

  2. Avignon Papacy Causes CAUSES: • Political/Military • Royal Challenge to Papacy • Boniface Versus Philip the Fair • Focus: taxes on clergy • Reaction: Philip stops all money from France to Rome • Boniface concedes and canonizes • Unam Sanctum • Boniface tries to assert papal authority over Philip • Uh oh! Philip beats up Boniface with an army • Benedict and Clement VI are in subservience • Rome in Rebellion • Italian Families repudiate • Spiritual Franciscans accuses papacy of: • heresy, simony, murder of Celestine

  3. Causes • Economic/Social • Papacy is now secular power • loss of spiritual power for secular • subject to monarchs for money • Cultural/Intellectual • Papacy is in unfavorable position • materialistic • Rome's interest and not local

  4. What was the Avignon Papacy? Creation of Avignon Papacy • Clement V moved to Avignon (pope's land) • independence from Philip's presure • escape Rome ridden with strife • Not really under French influence • ECONOMIC: expand papal taxes • indulgences and expansion on salvation doctrines • Cultural implication: materialism and political scheming • Pope John XXI • when he tries to return to italy • He challenges Emperor Louis XI • SO, Marsilius and Ockham create Defender of Peace Papacy is opposed!

  5. Effects of Avignon! Effects • Political • England • restricts payments to Papacy • France • Gallican liberties regulates papacy...French Church gains power • German and Swiss • reduce Papacy's power • Social • Rise of Hussites and Lollards • Cultural • Hussites of Bohemia win significant religious reforms from Council of Basel after John Huss is excommunicated • start of Protestant Reformation

  6. Great Schism Babylonian Captivity • The Church in Avignon • Pope Greg XI reestablishes Pope in Rome What is to happen.... GREAT SCHISM • Political Cause • Succeeding Urban VI wants to reform the Curia • The (majority) French cardinals do not like that idea- support return to Avignon • Charles V wants papacy to stay within French influence • BACK TO AVIGNON WE GO! Then to fix it, the Conciliar Theoryis considered- people want representative council to have power to regulate actions of the Pope- believed that Pope was only one part of the Church and that the council had more power than the Pope alone

  7. Wait, what? Great Schism • Pope Clement VII (cousin of French King) is elected • TWO POPES????? • England, HRE, Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland for Urban • France, Aragon, Castile, Scotland for Clement • -_- scandalous! • What to do....? • Mutual cession or reign one • Obviously, we have to make a council to depose both! • Effect • RISE OF CONCILIAR THEORY • proposed the Pope was a tiny part, the Church should be dominated by the faithful

  8. Conciliar Theory • What it meant! • Pope was to maintain unity. Obviously not being done • Pope is just a small part of the body of the Christians • Council of the Church has more power than the pope • Phases • Council of Pisa • disposed both Popes • elected Alexander V • accepted by most, but there are THREE POPES! Woah... • Council Of Constance • Pope Martin V is elected. Ends Great Schism • deposed and accepted resignation of the three other Popes • Council of Basel • negotiates with Hussites • Eastern Church rejoined Papacy, ending Conciliar Movement and restored Papacy

  9. Effect of Conciliar Effect of Conciliar Movement • Social • A leader of an institution must provide for his people • Religious • Delegates religious responsibility to laity and secular govts • Secular institutions now had to keep the Church in check • Political • Papal states can now be opposed for national and religious papacy

  10. What you just learned • Avignon Papacy, known as the Babylonian Captivity • allowed for secular rulers to gain power of the Church • When the Avignon Papacy resolved • there was little spiritual power • The Great Schism was a show that the papacy could be politically divided • The Great Schism was resolved by the Conciliar Theory • Hussites and Lollards were challenges to the Church • In the Faith: Since when did God have two representatives on Earth? • Pope's word is no longer law! • the Council of Basel gave religious responsible to the lay and secular • So this was all important because • The Church lost power- Protestant Reformation and Crack in Medieval Mind (remember Manchester!) • Humanism! • Absolutism

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