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ميكانيكا المواد

ميكانيكا المواد. Mechanics of Materials. Strength of Materials. Lec . 1. Grading توزيع الدرجات HW 10% الواجبات Attendance 10% الحضور 1 st MT 15% يوم 27 شعبان 2 nd MT 15% يوم 19 رمضان Final 50% يوم 17 شوال.

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ميكانيكا المواد

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  1. ميكانيكا المواد Mechanics of Materials

  2. Strength of Materials Lec. 1 Grading توزيع الدرجات HW 10% الواجبات Attendance 10% الحضور 1st MT 15% يوم 27 شعبان 2nd MT 15% يوم 19 رمضان Final 50% يوم 17 شوال

  3. تقديم Introduction • Mechanics of Materialsis the study of the internal effect of external forces applied to structural member. Stress, strain, deformation deflection, torsion, flexure, shear diagram, and moment diagram, topics covered by this subject.دراسة تأثير القوى الخارجية على المادة داخليا، الاجهاد والانفعال والتشوه وتغير الحجم، الالتواء والانثناء، القص والعزوم وابرازهم بيانيا • Materialsدراسة المواد المتوفرة • Stiffness (deformation characteristics)مقاومة المادة لتغير الحجم والشكل تحت تأثير القوى الخارجية • Stability (of load-carrying members)اتزان الأعضاء

  4. دراسة خصائص الموادCharacteristics of Materials • Laboratory تتم في معامل • Specimens بأخذ عينات قياسية • Testواجراء اختبارات قياسية • Behaviorورصد • Physical Characteristics وتحديد الخصائص الميكانيكية

  5. Method of Sectionsطريقة المقاطع • Internal resistance of a bodyمقاومة داخلية • Forces within to balance external forcesقوى داخلية توازن القوى الخارجية • Stable body at rest is in equilibriumالجسم الساكن جسم مستقر • Arbitrary section (suggested where?)مقطع اختياري • Body divided into partsيقطع الجسم الى أجزاء • Parts must also be in equilibrium الاجزاء المقطوعة في حالة اتزان • External forces are balanced by the internal forcesالقوى الداخلية تتوازن مع القوى الخارجية • Free Body Diagram (FBD)رسم حر للنظام يساعد في تحليله

  6. Stressالإجهاد • Stress : Intensity of Force, or force divided by area[N/m2], called [Pascal]الاجهاد شدة القوة على وحدة مساحة • Perpendicular and Parallel resolution of stressعمودي أو موازي للسطح

  7. اجهاد رأسي (عمودي) Normal Stress σ

  8. Normal Stress σ • Tension force produces tensile stresses to lengthen the member.قوة الشد ينتج عنها اجهاد شد ويطيل من العضو • Compressive force produces compressive stresses to shorten the member.قوة الضغط ينتج عنها اجهاد ضغط ينقص من طول العضو

  9. اجهاد القص Shear Stress τ • Parallel to plane موازي للسطح

  10. The most general state of stress acting on an element

  11. Equilibriumالاتزان • If the body as a whole is in equilibrium, any part of it must also be in equilibrium.الجسم المتزن أي جزء مقطوع منه متزن • ∑ F external = ∑ F internal • مجموع القوى الخارجية تساوي مجموع القوى الداخلية

  12. Strength of Materials Lec. 1 • Force [ Newton, N] • Area [m2or mm2] Units (SI) • Stress[Pascal, Pa] • Pa = Pascal = • MPa = Mega Pascal =

  13. The most general state of stress acting on an element

  14. Axial Load and Normal Stress • Stress is maximum when plane of cut is perpendicular to force. • Axial loads produces uniaxial stress • Loads acting through the centeroid of the cross-sectional area produces uniformly distributed stress

  15. Average Shearing Stress • Stresses in the plane parallel to the applied force • Assuming uniformly distributed stress • The average shearing stress is

  16. Critical Section • Section that have the minimum cross-sectional area and the greatest axial force • Maximum Stress occurs at the critical section

  17. Equilibrium Equations • For 2-D (x-y plane) it is reduced to:

  18. Determinate VS Indeterminate • Depending on the number of the unknown reactions a problem may be identified as: Determinate Or Indeterminate • Ways to solve problems will differ accordingly

  19. Factor of Safety • For design purposes ultimate strength can NOT be applied directly and a factor of safety is introduced. Reasons: • Not sure about magnitude of applied force • Assumed Uniformity of material is no exactly true. • Corrosion • Plastic deformation under sustained loads • Cyclic Loading and Fatigue • Residual Stresses

  20. Review Support Reactions

  21. Review Equilibrium:

  22. Internal Resultant Loadings Review

  23. Review Coplanar Loadings

  24. Examples

  25. Homework Problems

  26. Review Average normal stress

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