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Introduction to Living Things

Introduction to Living Things. 1.2, 1.3, 1.4. Organism. Any living thing Bacteria Animals Fungi Plants Etc. Characteristics of L.T. In order to be considered alive, organisms must have these 5 characteristics: Living things are organized Living things respond to stimuli

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Introduction to Living Things

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  1. Introduction to Living Things 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

  2. Organism • Any living thing • Bacteria • Animals • Fungi • Plants • Etc

  3. Characteristics of L.T. • In order to be considered alive, organisms must have these 5 characteristics: • Living things are organized • Living things respond to stimuli • Living things use energy • Living Things grow and develop • Living things reproduce

  4. Living things are organized • Every living thing is made up of one or more cells. • Cells=the basic unit of life • Cells contain the hereditary material, called DNA

  5. Living things respond to stimuli • Stimulus=something that causes a change in an organism • Response= the reaction to the stimulus • Homeostasis= an organisms ability to keep proper conditions inside, no matter what is going on outside

  6. Living things use energy • Plants, and some bacteria get energy from the sun • Animals get energy from food

  7. Living things grow and develop • Growth=organism gets bigger • Development=Changes that take place during the lifetime • Lifespan= How long an organism is expected to live

  8. Living things reproduce • Reproduction=making babies

  9. Living things have 2 needs • A place to live (habitat) • Must be a place that suits the needs of the organism

  10. What else? 2. Raw materials • ALL organisms need water to survive • Humans also need • Food • Oxygen • Plants also need • Sunlight • Carbon dioxide (plants do not need oxygen!)

  11. Where does life come from? • Living things only come from other living things • This is called biogenesis

  12. How are living things classified?

  13. Carolus Linneaus • Born Carl Linne in 1707 • Looked for a way to classify organisms • Based his classification on how organisms looked • Example: All trees together, all bear-looking creatures together, all fish together, etc. • Developed Binomial Nomenclature • 2 word naming system still used today.

  14. Binomial Nomenclature • 2 word naming system developed by Linnaeus • 1st word=genus • A group of closely related organisms • Ex. Pinus = pine trees • 2nd word=species • Tells us something about the organism • Ex. Pinus virginana

  15. Rules for Scientific Names • First word capitalized • Second word lowercase • Both words in italics or, if handwritten, underlined Example: Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

  16. What is wrong with these Scientific Names? • canus familiaris • Felis Domesticus • Equus caballus

  17. Why use scientific names? • 4 main reasons • To avoid mistakes/confusion • To show how organisms are related • Because they give us information about the organism • Allows organisms to be easily organized

  18. 1. To avoid confusion/mistakes • So we can avoid confusion/mistakes • We use some words to refer to many organisms that are actually not closely related • Black Bear & Koala Bear- • Koalas are NOT bears

  19. 2. To show how organisms are related • The first word gives us the genus, which is a related group of organisms • Canuslupis=wolf • Canusfamilaris=dog • Canuslatrans=coyote

  20. 3. The names give us some information about the organism • It may be who discovered the species, where it is found, or a feature • Nothura darwiniiCornus florida

  21. Allow organisms to be easily organized • Organisms part of the same genus are grouped together • Phylogeny=grouping organisms based on relationships

  22. Modern Classification • Life is broken down into categories • 3 Domains • Bacteria • Archaea • Eukarya

  23. Kingdom • Life is broken down into categories • 6 Kingdoms • Domain Bacteria • Kingdom-Eubacteria • Domain Archaea • Kingdom-Archaea • Eukarya • Animalia • Plantae • Fungi • Protista

  24. Eubacteria • “True” Bacteria • Single cell

  25. Archaea • Similar to bacteria • Single cell

  26. Animalia • Animal kingdom • Many cells

  27. Plantae • Plant kingdom • Many cells

  28. Fungi • Mushrooms, mold, yeast • Many cells

  29. Protists • Mostly one cell • Most are microscopic

  30. More classification levels • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  31. Species • A group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring

  32. Mnemonic for remembering levels of organization • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • Did • King • Phillip • Come • Over • For • Great • Spaghetti

  33. Tools for Identifying Organisms • Field Guide & Dichotomous Key • Field Guide-Pictures and descriptions of organisms

  34. Tools for Identifying Organisms • Dichotomous Key • Detained list of characteristics that helps identify organism

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