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Light: Geometric Optics

Light: Geometric Optics. Introduction – 23-1, 23-4, 23-5, 24-10. Light. Electromagnetic Spectrum. Light. Light is the Part of the EM spectrum that stimulates the retina of the human eye ROY G BIV. Ray Model of Light. Light travels in straight line in vacuum or uniform media

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Light: Geometric Optics

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  1. Light: Geometric Optics Introduction – 23-1, 23-4, 23-5, 24-10

  2. Light • Electromagnetic Spectrum

  3. Light • Light is the Part of the EM spectrum that stimulates the retina of the human eye • ROY G BIV

  4. Ray Model of Light • Light travels in straight line in vacuum or uniform media • Ray model assumes straight line travel for light • Ray Optics – ray diagrams to study travel of light; ignores wave nature of light

  5. Speed of Light • Before 1700, thought to be instantaneous • Galileo worked on speed of light • Couldn’t believe that it was that fast! • Ole Roemer – first to determine light traveled with measureable speed • A.A. Michelson – measured light between two mountaintops in California • 2.997996 x 108 +/- .00004 x 108 m/s • 1960’s Lasers found to measure speed of light better than atomic clocks v = λf = c

  6. Sources of Light • luminous--body emits light • illuminated--body reflects light • incandescent--glows HOT; luminous; W wire is heated by electricity and glows inside a light bulb • luminous flux, P--rate at which light is emitted from a source • Lumen – lm – unit of flux • illuminance, E--lm/m2 or lux, lx

  7. Illumination • 100W light bulb – 1750 lm • If 1m sphere: 1750 lm / (4π(1)2) = 1750/4π lx • If 2m sphere: 1750 lm / (4π(2)2) = 1750/16πlx • Candela cd – measures luminous intensity • 1750/4π lx = 139 cd

  8. Illumination • To increase illumination • increase flux of alternate source • decrease distance between source and surface • Illuminance= E = P/4πd2 • perpendicular line between source and surface • point sources

  9. Light and Matter • Transparent – light through; transmitted • Translucent — light sort of through; transmits and diffuses light • Opaque – light not through; absorbs reflects all light; no transmission

  10. Color Models Additive - RGB Subtractive CMY

  11. Polarizers

  12. Dual Polarizers

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