Chapter 31

1. Chapter 31 By: Sarah Kosko

2. Essential Questions • What was the Red Scare and what was the significance of it? • What were some of the major inventions of the roaring 20’s? • What was the economy like in the 20’s?

3. Red Phase • I- America started to lock down on the way they acted with other countries. They wanted to make sure the immigration gates against foreign policy were locked. • II- The big red scare started appearing in 1919-1920, and threatened people who thought the Americanism of certain people was to be suspected.

4. Red Phase • III- Anti-redism and anti foreignism was started. • There was a lot of discrimination against the immigrants, even to the point that they would get the death sentence in court situations.

5. Ku Klux Klan • I- The KKK was against a variety of groups. This includes anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, anti-black, anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist,anti-revolutionist, anti-bootlegger, anti-gambling, anti-adultery, andanti-birth control.

6. Ku Klux Klan • II- They were at 5 million people strong at their peak. • III- They were stopped because they had a money fraud. While they should have been stopped because of the racism and discrimination, that was not the case.

7. Foreigners Coming In • I- Foreigners were highly frowned upon, as they were considered a threat to the culture. • II- There was an Emergency Quota Act of 1921, which prohibited immigrants from coming into America when the yearly quota was met.

8. Prohibition Experiment • I- Prohibition was part of the Progressive Reform Movement, and it was one of the last efforts. • II- The 18th Amendment was passed, and this prohibited the sales of alcoholic beverages. • III- Southern whites wanted to keep alcohol out of the hands of the blacks.

9. Prohibition Experiment • IV-Delusion from the war brought about different prohibition rules and the environment was changed. • Prohibition would have been better and more effective if there was more enforcement.

10. The Poles • I-They were a group of immigrants that helped after the Civil War. -Helped with starvation and finding land. II-Polish Americans didn’t want to return to their homeland, they wanted to keep their American identity and heritage.

11. Gangsterism • I-Prohibition started to make a lot of other crimes more prominent. • In Chicago, there were over 500 people in gangs that died because of violence and other crimes. • Other activities included prostitution and gambling.

12. Gangsterism • I-One famous example would be Al Capone, who distributed booze and caused a lot of tax turmoil.

13. Monkey Business • I-Education was being made extremely important, especially because of professor John Dewey, at Columbia University. - Schools were replacing prisons, and the minimum age for necessary schooling was becoming lower.

14. Monkey Business • II-Healthcare started to become prominent, and that led to the curing of diseases. • III- Science was a huge element in advances. • Fundamentalists argued that Darwinism was destroying faith in God. • Christians questioned their religion regarding to the concept of science.

15. Mass Consumption Economy • I- Recent war and Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellons had tax policies that favored the rapid expansion of capital investments. • II- New industries started to appear; electrical business was a giant business in the 1920’s.

16. Mass Consumption Economy • III- The automobile was a huge deal, and got a lot of admiration for it’s luxury and convenience. • IV- Sports were becoming important, as well as the use of credit cards. One motto states “Possess today and pay tomorrow.” • V- The Steel Industry and the Automobile employed 6 million people.

17. Humans Develop Wings • I- The plane was inspired by automobiles, and the work that humans could do with them. Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first plane in the air for 12 seconds.

18. Humans Develop Wings • II- Airplanes were good for use in not only war, but also for delivering mail. • At first, there were a lot of accidents, but soon they got fixed. III- Charles Lindbergh was the first person to fly solo over the Atlantic Ocean.

19. Radio Revolution • I- In November of 1920, the first voice broadcasting radio station KDKA, starting to broadcast. • Told the news of president Harding’s victory.

20. Hollywood’s Filmland Fantasies • I- At first, there were shows that were aimed particularly for adults, as they were inappropriate. • II- Thomas Edison technically invented the first movie. • III- Popular movies called “Vamps” were highly frowned upon, because they supported a lot of female nudity.

21. Hollywood’s Filmland Fantasies • IV- Movies started to tell actual stories, and some were offensive. They told brutal stories of World War I, and used a lot of propaganda.

22. The Dynamic Decade • I- Margaret Sanger, was the feminist that led the birth control movement. • Alice Paul led a campaign in 1923 that was for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.

23. The Dynamic Decade • II- Humans were convinced that if you went to church more, this would be your form of contraceptive. • III-Dancing started to become a widely used sexual innuendo. It was an expression of freedom. -Sigmund Freud was for the idea of releasing sexual tension.

24. Cultural Liberation • I- F. Scott Fitzgerald was a popular author in the 1920’s. He wrote “The Great Gatsby”, which displayed life in the 1920’s. Also, he wrote “This Side of Paradise”, which resembled a bible for the youth.

25. Cultural Liberation • II- Ernest Hemingway wrote “The Sun Also Rises”, which gave hope to the people who were scarred by WWI. • III- There was a lot of poetry and other writings that displayed emotion.

26. Wall Street’s Big Bull Market • I- The Stock Exchange Program provided a lot of craze. • Everyone was buying stock with a small down payment.

27. Wall Street’s Big Bull Market • II- Secretary of the Treasury, Mellon reduced the taxes for the rich, which left the middle class paying more. • III- Everything that was being set up in the 1920’s was a foreshadowing for the crash and poverty in the 1930’s.

28. Vocabulary • Red Scare- Widespread fear of communism and other politically radical ideas. • Isolationism-A term that describes America's withdrawn attitude in the 1920s. • KKK- Racist, anti-immigrant clan that held much influence in the 1920s. Used violence and scare tactics to achieve its goals.

29. Vocabulary • Immigration Act of 1924- This was passed in 1924--cut quotas for foreigners from 3 % to 2% of the total number of immigrants in 1890--purpose was to freeze America's existing racial composition --prevented Japanese from immigrating, causing outrage in Japan. • Prohibition- The banning of the sale and consumption of all alcoholic products.

30. Vocabulary • Al Capone- Nicknamed "Scarface" and one of the most notorious gangsters in history, this man earned the title of "Public Enemy No. 1" for his many illegal exploits in Chicago. • Bootlegging- The act of making and transporting alcoholic liquor for sale illegally.

31. Vocabulary • Gangsters- Violent organized crime members who took over the job of supplying alcohol to speakeasies. • Fundamentalism- Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion. • Clarence Darrow- Defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in schools.

32. Vocabulary • Henry Ford- United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947). • Scientific Management- A management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it.

33. Vocabulary • Model T- First affordable car built by Henry Ford; sturdy, reliable, inexpensive, only came in black. • Charles Lindbergh- This man achieved worldwide renown when he became the first person ever to complete a transatlantic flight.

34. Vocabulary • Flappers- Carefree young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion. • Harlem Renaissance- A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished.

35. Vocabulary • Andrew Mellon- An American banker, industrialist, philanthropist, art collector and Secretary of the Treasury from March 4, 1921 until February 12, 1932. Believed in a government "hands-off" approach to the economy. • Langston Hughes- A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance. He wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "My People“.