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Synthesis of biodiesel

Synthesis of biodiesel. Chemistry 318 Fall 2018. Schedule of day:. PPE check – at the door Pre-lab check – at the door Quiz Recitation Synthesis of Biodiesel Safety Put bags away Goggles Gloves Lab Coat LAB!. Due Dates. Today

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Synthesis of biodiesel

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  1. Synthesis of biodiesel Chemistry 318 Fall 2018

  2. Schedule of day: • PPE check – at the door • Pre-lab check – at the door • Quiz • Recitation • Synthesis of Biodiesel • Safety • Put bags away • Goggles • Gloves • Lab Coat • LAB!

  3. Due Dates • Today • At beginning of lab: Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone Report • At end of lab – notebook copy pages • Next Week • At beginning of lab– Synthesis of Biodiesel Report • See the instructions that are part of the experiment in the Lab Manual for writing the report. Omit parts 2.-4. • Final Exam • See next page

  4. Final Exam • The exam is “comprehensive”, meaning it will cover all topics from the semester. • You should study old reports; separationschemes; quizzes; notebook; reading assignments; end-of-chapter questions in Mohrig; and spectroscopy. • Question types: short answer, fill in the blank, multiple choice. • You can use your notebook during the exam (or alternative as specified by the instructor). • The exam will take ~1.5 hr.

  5. Synthesis of Biodiesel • Chemically, biodiesel is the methyl ester of a long-chain carboxylic acid (“fatty acid”). • The hydrocarbon group, R, typically has >9 carbon atoms in an unbranched chain. It is thus a “fatty acid ester”. • The hydrocarbon group chain may contain one or more cis double bonds.

  6. Synthesis of Biodiesel • Fatty acids are derived from fats (solids) and oils (liquid). • Fats and oils are tri-esters of fatty acids and glycerol, a tri-alcohol. fat/oil R ≠ R’ ≠ R” glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol)

  7. Synthesis of Biodiesel • An ester can be hydrolyzed in the presence of either an acid or base. • The reaction is the reverse of the esterification reaction. • An ester can be transesterified, that is, the alkoxy group can be exchanged for another one:

  8. Synthesis of Biodiesel • The synthesis of biodiesel is a transesterification of a fat/oil where the glycerol “backbone” tri-alcohol is exchanged for 3 methoxy groups. • See the Lab Manual for the full reaction mechanism. • The mono-esters are Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)

  9. Experiment Notes • Be sure to note the ingredients in the bottle of vegetable oil you use. • Use a glass funnel when pouring liquids into the round-bottom flask. • Be sure to swirl the contents to mix. • Set up for reflux. There is no need to circulate water through the condenser. • Heat the water bath to ~55 deg. Do not allow the bath to exceed 60 deg. • Learn how to control the spin of the magnetic stir bar.

  10. Analysis of Biodiesel Product • Record the appearance and odor of the biodiesel product. • Obtain an IR spectrum of the biodiesel product. • An IR of the vegetable oil should be available in the lab. • Both of these should be attached to your report.

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