Renewable Energy's Impact Upon Hydrocarbon Dominance

2. Table Of Contents • Chapter 1 Hydrocarbon Dominance • Chapter 2 G20 Nations & Renewable Energy • Chapter 3 Various Types Of Renewable Energy • Chapter 4 Companies Greatly Impacting Renewable Energy • Conclusion • Sources

3. Chapter 1Hydrocarbon Dominance • Coal • Crude Oil • Natural Gas

4. Coal

5. Coal Summary • Coal for more than 150 years has been an integral part in providing energy worldwide • China currently consumes more coal than the U.S., Europe, and Japan combined • Currently 1.3 billion people do not have access to electricity, globally, which will continue to drive the demand for coal

6. Coal Summary • In 2012, the U.S. consumed 871 million tons of thermal coal • Coal, by far, is the most harmful of the three major hydrocarbons, in terms of air pollution, and adverse impacts upon human health

7. Crude Oil

8. Crude Oil Summary • Crude oil demand, after 1900, began an amazing ascent, as automobiles became mass produced, and the global population exploded • Since 2009, global oil demand has only been expanding at 600,000 barrels per day (bpd), down significantly from 2000 through 2008 • Over 200 countries rely on crude oil imports

9. Crude Oil Summary • In 2012, geopolitical tensions in several oil producing nations caused their collective oil production, to fall by over 1 million barrels a day (bpd). The nations, include: Iran, Nigeria, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen • The crude oil industry has been responsible for two of the worst environmental disasters in history: the Exxon Valdez oil spill, BP’s Deepwater Horizon disaster

10. Natural Gas

11. Natural Gas Summary • Natural gas is the cleanest of the three major hydrocarbons, and is becoming the fuel of choice of many power producers, globally • The U.S is the leading producer of natural gas, globally, and produced over 24 trillion cubic feet (tcf), in 2012 • By 2020, China aims to utilize natural gas for 10 percent of its total energy needs

12. Natural Gas Summary • The U.S. & Canada are in enviable positions, and will become major exporters of natural gas • Low natural gas prices are one of the leading impediments for the development of renewable energy projects, as natural gas is much cheaper to produce, per kilowatt hour

13. G20 Nations & Renewable Energy

14. Chapter 2G20 Nations & Renewable Energy • The G20 was created in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998 • G20 nations are responsible for 84 percent of hydrocarbon emissions • Since 2009, many of the G20 nations have been committed to reducing hydrocarbon subsidies • Hydrocarbon subsidies totaled $312 billion, in 2009

15. Renewable Energy Investment • Since 2004, global renewable investment has increased significantly • In 2004, global renewable energy investment totaled $54 billion • Since 2009, technology costs for both wind and solar projects have dropped significantly, which have increased the rates of return, for renewable energy projects

16. Great Britain • Great Britain’s population exceeds 63 million people, in 2013 • The country now generates over 10 percent of its electricity from renewable energy sources • By 2020, Great Britain aims to generate 15 percent of its electricity from renewable energy sources

17. Iceland • Although Iceland is not one of the G20 nations, the country derives 100 percent of its electricity needs for renewable energy sources • Its two primary energy sources include: geothermal energy and hydroelectric power • Iceland’s population is only 315,000 people

18. Japan • Japan’s population totals over 127 million people • The Fukushima disaster claimed 19,000 lives • Nuclear power prior to Fukushima, comprised 30 percent of Japan’s electricity generation • Currently only 2 of Japan’s nuclear reactors are operational • Renewable energy only accounts for 1 percent of Japan’s total electricity generation

19. Chapter 3Various Types Of Renewable Energy • Wind Power • Solar Power • Geothermal Energy • Hydroelectric Power • Tidal Energy • Biomass • Biofuels

20. Wind Power

21. Wind Power • Wind power dates as far back as 200 B.C. • Wind power is currently the fastest growing component of renewable energy in the U.S. • The Shepherds Flat Wind Farm & Cape Wind Project are two of the largest wind power projects to be developed in the U.S.

22. Solar Power

23. Solar Energy • Germany is the world leader in solar energy • The Blythe solar power project has been taken over by Nextera Energy • The U.S. has made major strides in solar energy over the last 10 years • The Solar Industry Association is trying to develop an industry standard for the reporting and disposal of hazardous waste

24. HydroElectric Power

25. Hydroelectric Power • Hydroelectric power is the largest component of renewable energy in the U.S. • The Three Gorges Dam was completed in 2012, which cost upwards of $40 billion • China, Brazil, and Canada are the largest hydroelectric producers globally

26. Geothermal Energy

27. Geothermal Energy • The Ring of Fire encounters the most geothermal activity • Seven states in the U.S have geothermal power plants • Indonesia & Japan have great potential in expanding geothermal energy • Several East African nations are developing geothermal energy

28. Tidal Energy

29. Tidal Energy • Tidal energy dates back to 787 A.D. • Tidal currents are extremely predictable • North America has several regions which have great potential to develop tidal energy • Ocean Power Renewable Corporation is in the early stages of developing tidal energy projects

30. Biomass

31. Biomass • Biomass is considered to be a renewable energy source because trees and crops can always be grown • Wood is the most common form of biomass • 20 utilities within North America are utilizing biomass to partially replace coal and natural gas

32. Biofuels

33. Biofuels • The food versus fuel debate rages on • Biodiesel consumption in the U.S has risen exponentially sine 2001, when it totaled 10 million gallons • ExxonMobil & Chevron have significantly scaled back their plans to develop next generation biofuels • Waste to fuels plants & waste to energy plants are being constructed globally

34. Other Topics • Nuclear Power • Hydrogen • Electric Vehicles • Hybrid Vehicles

35. Nuclear Energy

36. Nuclear Power • Nuclear power plants utilize nuclear fission • Many nations are continuing their nuclear ambitions • 86 percent of the uranium used for nuclear power in the U.S, is imported • The Chernobyl disaster is estimated to have killed 4,000 people

37. Hybrid Vehicles

38. Hybrid Vehicles • Hybrid vehicles feature an internal combustion engine, along with batteries, and an electric motor • Hybrid vehicles consume several rare earth metals • Toyota’s Prius has been the most successful selling hybrid vehicle, globally

39. Electric Vehicles

40. Electric Vehicles • Nissan’s Leaf only travels 75 miles before it needs to be charged • In 2011, nearly 43,000 electric vehicles were sold, globally • The U.S has backtracked from its goal of aiming for 1 million electric cars, by 2015 • Tesla is a major success story

41. Hydrogen

42. Hydrogen • Hydrogen can be produced from several natural resources, which include: water, biomass, and hydrocarbons • California is planning to construct 68 hydrogen stations estimated to cost $160 million • Ford, Nissan, & Daimler AG all plan to launch affordable fuel cell cars, within 5 years

43. Chapter 45 Companies Greatly Impacting Renewable Energy • GE Energy • Google • NextEra Energy Resources • Siemens • Waste Management

44. 5 Companies Greatly Impacting Renewable Energy

45. Google • In 2012, Google generated revenues of $48 billion and net income of $10.72 billion • Google invested $700 million into renewable energy projects, in 2011 • Google invested $100 million into the Shepherds Flat Wind Farm, located in Arlington Oregon

46. Nextera Energy Resources • Nearly 60 percent of the company electricity generating capacity comes from renewable energy sources • Wind power is the company’s largest component • Nextera is the largest wind power producer within the U.S. • The company is also one of the largest solar power providers in the U.S.

47. Siemens • Siemens is the largest industrialized company within Europe • In 2012, Siemens Energy generated revenues exceeding $30 billion and net income exceeding $2.5 billion • Siemens is exiting its solar power business, as Europe’s austerity measures negatively impact Siemen’s solar business

48. Waste Management • Waste Management generates more electricity than the entire U.S. solar industry • Waste Management produces energy from two major sources: waste and landfill gas • Waste Management is constructing several waste to energy plants in Great Britain, and in China

49. Conclusion • Global coal demand will reach 9 billion tons, by 2020, based on the amount of new coal fired plants which are being constructed • By 2020, the number of vehicles which consume petroleum based products, is on pace to reach 1.5 billion. By 2020, global sales of electric vehicles will struggle to reach 5 million units, sold • Outside air pollution deaths have increased from 800,000, in 2008, to over 3 million, in 2012, primarily due to hydrocarbons

50. Sources