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Chapter 21

Chapter 21. Oral Presentations. Chapter overview. Looks at the differences between written and oral presentations Examines how to do an oral presentation Designing and using visual aids Rehearsing and delivering oral presentations. Written presentations.

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Chapter 21

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  1. Chapter 21 Oral Presentations

  2. Chapter overview • Looks at the differences between written and oral presentations • Examines how to do an oral presentation • Designing and using visual aids • Rehearsing and delivering oral presentations

  3. Written presentations • Written presentations use the same three purposes. • Readers have a written text to refer to—so they can read and re-read it. • The visual design gives additional clues. • Readers have a longer attention span, since can come back to written text after an interruption.

  4. Oral presentations • Oral presentations use the same three purposes. • There is no written text, so the listener has only one chance to grasp the meaning during speech. • Most speeches need to be 15 to 20 minutes. • Audience expects visuals.

  5. Developing an oral presentation Begin by looking at several factors: • How much time do you have? • How will you deliver the presentation? • How will you prepare for the presentation—using an outline or a full manuscript?

  6. Planning • Identify your purpose and audience. • Plan the introduction, which serves two main purposes: Get your audience’s attention and forecast your content and organization.

  7. Planning, cont. • Plan the body, using an easy to follow organizational pattern. • Plan the ending: Signal its coming, find an example or idea, and end on a strong note. • Provide an opportunity for questions.

  8. Visual aids • Help hold listeners’ attention • Help audiences remember key points • Help you to plan your presentation • PowerPoint presentations or overhead transparencies • Help listeners visualize structure and content

  9. Suggestions for designing visuals • Include a visual for each main point • Keep text concise • Use tables, graphs selectively • Use large type, clear fonts, and colors that are readable • Decide how to produce and display visuals

  10. Using visuals in the presentation • Refer to the visuals as you do the presentation • Don’t block the audience’s view of the visuals • Look at your audience, not the visual • Use a pointer as appropriate • Change visuals as you change topics

  11. Rehearsing • Take time to go over the presentation beforehand: Ideally, you should go see the room where you will be speaking to check out any technology needs. • The only real opportunity to revise your presentation is when you rehearse it.

  12. Rehearsing, cont. • Some rehearse alone in front of a mirror; others videotape themselves or find a small audience for feedback.

  13. Evaluating presentations • There is a list of nine guidelines on page 609 • It encompasses content and organization, as well as eye contact, visuals, gestures, and body language.

  14. Delivering the presentation • Use relaxation techniques to lessen anxiety. • Take a positive attitude and imagine you are an expert who is addressing a group of listeners who are fully engaged in your topic. • Consider using Power Point to create your visuals; there are links to several tutorials.

  15. PowerPoint Do’s and Don’t’s • See pages 610-617 for Ellen Lupton;s advice on effective PowerPoint designs. • Use along with Tufte’s “PowerPoint is Evil” article in Chapter 8.

  16. Student Companion Website • Go to the student side of the Web site for exercises, chapter overviews, and links to writing resources for this chapter: http://college.hmco.com/pic/trimbur4e

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