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anemia PPT

anemia PPT sadia moin

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anemia PPT

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  1. anemia • Presented by: • sadia moin (10527) Presented to: Sir Amjad Jami

  2. introduction • Anemia is a major killer in India. • Statistics reveal that every second Indian woman are anemic. • One in every five maternal deaths is directly due to anemia. • Anemia affects both adults and children of both sexes, although pregnant women and adolescent girls are most susceptible and most affected by this disease.

  3. objectives • Definition of anemia. • Types of anemia. • Anemia causes. • Anemia symptoms. • Lab investigation of anemia. • Treatment. • Prevention.

  4. definition • Anemias are generally a sign of underlying pathology; therefore, determining the cause of the anemia is important. • Possible consequences of chronic anemia include reduced quality-of-life, decreased survival, and increased risk of cardiac complications, neurologic dysfunction, and surgical complications. • Awareness of anemia, its detection, investigation and management must be raised.

  5. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF ANEMIA • Patients may be asymptomatic or have vague complaints. • Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency may develop neurologic consequences. • In anemia of chronic disease, signs and symptoms of the underlying disorder often overshadow those of the anemia.

  6. TYPES OF ANEMIA

  7. CAUSES OF ANEMIA • Production defects • Maturation defects • Survival defects • Sequestration • Blood loss

  8. SYMPTOMS OF ANEMIA • Fatigue • Headache • Yellowish skin • Irregular heartbeats • Chest pain • Cold hands • Dizziness • Leg cramps • Insomnia

  9. RISK FACTORS • Poor socio economic class. • Multiparity. • Teenage pregnancy. • Menstural problem.

  10. INVESTIGATION The red cell population is defined by : 1. Quantitative parameters: • Volume of packed cells i.e. the hematocrit. • Hemoglobin concentration. • Red cell concentration per unit volume. 2.Qualitative parameters: • Mean corpuscular volume. • Mean corpuscular hemoglobin. • Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration.

  11. CONT….. • Hematocrit ( packed cell volume): It is the proportion of the volume of blood sample that is occupied by rbcs. • Men -42-52% • Women -36-48% • Cell volume hemoglobin concentration: It is the amount of hemoglobin per unit volume of blood.(gms/dl) • Women - 12-16gms/dl • Men - 14-17 gms/dl • Red cell count: Total number of red cells per unit volume of blood sample. [ no.ofrbc/ cu.mm ]. • Men - 4.2-5.4*106//mm3. • Women- 3.6-5.0* 106/mm3.

  12. TREATMENT • General treatment for anemia diet nutritional supplements: e.g.) iron, b12, folic acid treatment of infection or inflammation erythropoietin- drug to treat low blood cell count (mainly used with renal patients) blood transfusion bone marrow transplant

  13. GENERAL TREATMENT OF ANEMIA • Diet. • Nutitional supplements: e.g.) iron, b12, folic acid. • Treatment of infection or inflammation. • Erythropoietin- a drug to treat low blood cell count (mainly used with renal patients). • Blood transfusion. • Bone marrow transplant.

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